Archive for nigeriang

Skepticism in Pakistan over Bin Laden’s alleged role

Skepticism in Pakistan over Bin Laden’s alleged role

Pakistani security
officials reacted with skepticism on Sunday to a U.S. assertion that
Osama bin Laden was actively engaged in directing his far-flung network
from his compound in Abbottabad where he was killed on May 2.

Washington said on
Saturday that, based on a trove of documents and computer equipment
seized in the raid, bin Laden’s hideout north of Islamabad was an
“active command and control center” for al Qaeda where he was involved
in plotting future attacks on the United States.

“It sounds ridiculous,” said a senior intelligence official. “It doesn’t sound like he was running a terror network.”

Pakistan, heavily
dependent on billions of dollars in U.S. aid, is under intense pressure
to explain how the al Qaeda leader could have spent so many years
undetected just a few hours’ drive from its intelligence headquarters
in the capital.

Suspicion has
deepened that Pakistan’s pervasive Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)
spy agency, which has a long history of contacts with militant groups,
may have had ties with bin Laden — or that at least some of its agents
did. The agency has been described as a state within a state.

Pakistan has
dismissed such suggestions and says it has paid the highest price in
human life and money supporting the U.S. war on militancy launched
after bin Laden’s followers staged the September 11, 2001, attacks on
America.

The Obama administration

has seen no
evidence Pakistan’s government knew bin Laden was living in that
country before his killing, the U.S. national security adviser said on
Sunday.

Prime Minister
Yusuf Raza Gilani is scheduled to “take the nation into confidence” in
parliament on Monday, his first statement to the people more than a
week after the incident embarrassed the country.

Pakistani officials
said the fact that there was no internet connection or even phone line
into the compound where the world’s most-wanted man was

hiding raised doubts about his centrality to al Qaeda.

Analysts have long
maintained that, years before bin Laden’s death, al Qaeda had
fragmented into a decentralized group that operated tactically without
him.

“It’s bullshit,”
said a senior Pakistani security official, when quizzed on a U.S.
intelligence official’s assertion that bin Laden had been “active in
operational planning and in driving tactical decisions” of the Islamist
militant group from his secret home in the town of Abbottabad.

On Saturday, the
White House released five video clips of bin Laden taken from the
compound, most of them showing the al Qaeda leader, his beard dyed
black, evidently rehearsing the videotaped speeches he sometimes
distributed to his followers.

None of the videos was released with sound. A U.S. intelligence
official said it had been removed because the United States did not
want to transmit bin Laden’s propaganda. But he said they contained the
usual criticism of the United States as well as capitalism.

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POLITICAL MANN: America’s greatest commando leader

POLITICAL MANN: America’s greatest commando leader

If anyone thinks
America has a particularly peaceful or passive president, the commando
raid that killed Osama bin Laden is one more reminder they’re wrong.

Unlike his
predecessor, George W. Bush, Barack Obama avoids calling his security
policy a “war on terrorism,” but from Kabul to Cuba, Mr Obama is still
fighting it hard.

“He was able to
have a strong foundation of anti-terrorist efforts,” said former Bush
spokesman, Ari Fleischer. “All that is what Barack Obama continued,
that George Bush started.”

For the mission
against bin Laden, Mr Obama decided to send US troops into Pakistan
without its government’s approval, on the basis of intelligence that
may have been collected through torture.

Mr Obama has
escalated the US effort in Afghanistan with an additional 30,000
troops, so that there are now 100,000 Americans fighting the longest
war in US history.

There are roughly
47,000 troops still in Iraq. They are being gradually withdrawn, but no
faster than the pace planned before Mr Obama was president.

Mr Obama brought
America into its third overseas conflict with its air strikes in Libya,
a country that posed no immediate threat to American security or
interests, but has a long history of support for terrorism.

Mr Obama has also
decided to maintain the US prison for terrorism suspects at Guantanamo
Bay and increase drone attacks against suspects in Yemen and Pakistan
as well.

The muscular
tactics aren’t all popular inside the US or out of it either, but at
least for now Mr Obama is profiting politically.

A new CNN/Opinion
Research Corporation poll conducted right after the bin Laden raid
found that two-thirds of respondents approve of how the president is
handling terrorism. In fact, they like it better than the rest of his
work in the White House. The poll indicates that just over half of
respondents express approval for his performance as president.

Mr Obama is not a bellicose leader, and even won the Nobel Peace prize for his efforts at better international relations.

In fact, before bin Laden’s death, some of Mr Obama’s opponents questioned his commitment to fighting terrorism.

Now both they and
his supporters are reminded that Mr Obama isn’t especially gentle when
he believes America’s security is at risk.

Jonathan Mann
presents Political Mann on CNN International each Friday at 18:30
(CAT), Saturday at 3pm and 9pm (CAT), and Sunday at 10am (CAT).

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World Bank pledges support for power sector investors

World Bank pledges support for power sector investors

The

World Bank has said it is prepared to provide support to any foreign

investor interested in Nigeria’s power sector. Onno Ruhl, World Bank

country director for Nigeria said the Bretton Woods institution

realises that the power sector is critical to the future of the

economy.

“We will do what we can to give comfort to investors who have the courage to come to invest in the sector in Nigeria,” he said.

According to him, private participation in the power sector was critical in order to see improvement.

“We

will focus on power generation effort and will also focus on getting

private participation in distribution companies especially key

distribution companies that have short term viability in their

horizon.”

He

said key distribution centres include Ikeja and Abuja distribution

centres. According to him, the major issue with Nigeria is the

implementation of the plans that have been drawn up over the years.

Speaking yesterday in Lagos at the bi-monthly breakfast meeting of the

Nigeria British Chamber of Commerce, the World Bank official said it

would be erroneous to think that solving the power problem would

translate to solving other issues in the country.

“It

is government’s business to make it easy for people to do business.

Should the government be more concerned about the power sector or

should it be concerned about social inclusion which is indeed very

important, the power sector is the simplest story as far as I am

concerned.”

Frightening statistics

Reeling

out statistics, he said the Nigeria has over 100 million people under

30 years of age which is more than the entire population of Libya,

Egypt and Tunisia combined. “Nigeria has 75 million people under 20.

Nigeria has 46 percent unemployment between 16 to 24 years of age.

Every year, 800,000 Nigerians pass their JAMB exams and do not get

admission into the university because there is no space for them.” He

said government has to find ways of including these people in the

economic space or they could be sources of social disorder in the years

ahead. He cited the Brazilian example where the government dedicated

about one percent of the country’s gross domestic product to cater for

the bottom 20 percent of the population. He said procedures at the

country’s ports need to be overhauled in order to make it easier for

goods to be cleared at the point of entry. According to him, the

country would achieve more progress by improving the business climate

than it would in the power sector which would take several years to

accomplish.

Improving business climate

“You

can achieve more in the short term by making the business climate

better than in power because power will still take time. Improving the

business climate would have more impact on job creation. We need

government with political guts to do this,” he said.

On the future prospects of Nigeria, he said the country can get it

right if the implementation strategy is well thought out. “Nigeria is a

country with enormous potentials not because it has oil but because of

it has a good balance sheet, because it has a large market which cannot

be ignored and because it has more money in its pocket more than

before,” he said.

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Time to leverage on consumer research

Time to leverage on consumer research

One major thing I find surprising as a professional is that our country is not data driven. There is no data bank where you can readily access information on a specific project. This clearly explains the absence of periodical research that seeks to gain brand related knowledge, attitudes and behavioural intentions of the consumers. Consumer research is one area that some companies have not adopted to measure the ratings and performance of their brands. Consumer research is a potent tool to measure consumer perception and views about the brand and its performance in the market place.

Consumer research assists to determine the ratings of the brand in terms of awareness, consumer preference, consumer purchase intention and other key variables that impact on the brand. It determines the value consumers give the brand and build relationships and touch points that are fundamental to the brand health.

The good thing about consumer research is that it uncovers some unique information that the brand custodians are unaware of. I remember during a focus group discussion for O!Noodles several years ago in the north, some of the students stated that noodles was not only food to them but a breakfast cereal before going for lectures. This provided another angle to the consumer consumption pattern for noodles. This demonstrates, to a large extent, the important role of consumer research in developing the brand message. Spontaneous consumer insights are key to delivering brand promise and ultimately meeting consumer needs.

Consumer research also helps in establishing the key benefits and values of the imperative to measure the brand communication campaign and determine the next level. In communicating to an identified audience, through specific brand messages, consumer research tests the ease of recall and also ascertains whether the brand message resonates with the consumers. Consumers can and do create links between brands and their self concepts as this makes them engage their favourite brands.

A brand needs to assess the current reality. How does the consumer view the brand? What does its symbol represent to the various segments of the target audience; does the brand identity accurately reflect the consumer perception? These are key questions that consumer research helps in proffering solutions to.

It is time for brands to give voice to the consumer through direct interface to gain deep insights and views about brand performance. Brand goals and visions can only be achieved when consumer views are properly analysed and utilized to impact the overall performance of the brand.

Consumer research assists brands to refocus communication and marketing activities in line with consumer thinking. Insights generated go a long way in aligning brand communication to fit into the needs and aspirations of consumers. Brands can indeed win emotional commitment with consumers through the concrete platforms that consumer research provides.

It has become expedient for companies to know the consumers, feel their pulse and seek to influence their behaviour. Consumer research is a detailed process of embarking on extensive brand information search, brand evaluation and other activities to properly position the brand. It is crucial to know the specific needs consumers want satisfied, and how consumers gather information to select the brand amongst competitors.

Like I stated earlier, we are not data driven in this country and there should be an urgent way out of this. We need to develop a consistent approach to periodical consumer research. We need to understand the consumer behaviour, the decision-making process, and understand the various internal and psychological processes that influence the consumers. The major goal should also be to study the consumer and generate insights with direct implications for the brand communication campaigns.

We need to do a lot more in research because we still lag behind other countries in terms of research information and data gathering. The needs and motivations of consumers should be given utmost priority. Our brand communication efforts should not be based on assumptions and half truths. Even though the cost of conducting research may be high, companies get value for it in the long run in positioning brands appropriately.

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Olorunsogo power plant to start operation in November

Olorunsogo power plant to start operation in November

The federal government yesterday said it would deliver an additional 750 mega watts of electricity to the national grid from the multi-million dollar Olorunsogo Phase 11 National Integrated Power (NIPP) by November this year.

The construction cost of the Olorunsogo NIPP is pegged at about $600 million by the federal government.

Other onging NIPPs are Omotosho, Ondo State; Ihovbo, Edo state; Alaoje, Abia state; Egbema, Imo state; Gbaran, Bayelsa state; Calabar, Cross River state; Omoku, Rivers state; Geregu, Kogi state and Sapele, Delta state.

Fielding questions from journalists after a working tour of the project, in Olorunsogo, Ogun state, Vice President Nnamadi Sambo said the government was committed to delivering stable electricity supply to Nigerians before the end of President Goodluck Jonathan’s administration.

“In another six months from now, the entire project would be completed and have 750MW added to the national grid,” he told journalists.

Improving the economy

Mr Sambo said, “We have just signed a contract with Nigerians and that is why we have to ensure that we deliver power to Nigerians”, adding that the government of Mr. Jonathan was in a hurry to improve the social and economic lives of the citizenry. He said “We have no time to waste to improve our social staus and change the fortunes of Nigerians,” reassuring the electorate of government’s commitment to delivering on their election promises.

“I want to say to Nigerians that we are not resting. And that we have done our studies and we shall deliver on our promises and not fail Nigerians,” he added. The VP expressed satisfaction over the progress of the work so far and said he was pleased to note that three of the four gas turbines had already been test run.

While thanking the Ogun State governor, Gbenga Daniel, who accompanied him on a tour of the project, the VP assured him of the federal government’s commitment to ensuring that the state benefits maximally from the power project.

In his welcome remarks, Mr Daniel said the people of the state “are happy for this project because the people have been told that they will get priority attention”.

The governor maintained that power remained central to the economic growth of a nation and urged the federal government to do more to put smiles on the faces of the electorate. He further expressed hope that the NIPP project would be completed in order to make electricity available to “our people”.

Stable power supply

Nuhu Wya, minister of state power told our correspondent, during the inspection of the project, that the contract for the execution of the project was signed in 2007 by the federal government to boost power generation in the country.

While also reassuring the Ogun State government of government’s commitment to ensuring that the people of the state are the primary beneficiary of the power project was doing everything possible to deliver stable power supply to Nigerians. The Olorunsogo NIPP is a combined circle facility with four gas and two steam turbines designed for maximum power generation efficiency. He further explained that “combined circle means that the exhaust gas from the gas turbines is recovered at about 650 degrees centigrade and used through the heat recovery steam generator to fire a steam turbine to generate additional power”.

The effect, he said, “is that the exhaust heat that would otherwise be lost is recovered and used to generate additional electricity without bearing more gas”.

According to him, the process increases the efficiency from about 35 percent to 50 percent. Mr Wya added that three of the four gas turbines were already running, stating that the 750MW will “contribute additional 20 percent of the total power available to Nigeria. This is a significant contribution to the available 4000MW”.

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MI stands tall in London

MI stands tall in London

If ever the
expression ‘an army of rappers’ can be excused, then nothing better
captures the sight of Chocolate City commander MI and his trio of
lieutenants – Jesse Jags, Ice Prince and Brymo – when they took the
stage at the IndigO2 Millennium Dome, London, on the evening of April
28.

Dressed
identically in immaculate white jackets, white shirts and bowties,
Nigeria’s newest – and I dare say, most successful – crop of rappers
emerged onstage one after the other, heralded by a cartoon-animation
video of the prelude track on ‘MI2: The Movie’, his sophomore album.

“They call… they
call… they call me MI. Are you ready to dance with the devil? Let’s
go!” concluded the skit, as the renowned ‘short, black boy’ stepped
onstage to feverish cheers from the audience, who had gamely borne the
efforts of several comic and musical acts in the first half of the
concert.

Chocolatiers

The men-in-white
took their business of entertainment to heart. Their movements were
choreographed to exude practised grace. These ‘Chocolatiers’ had come
to offer their own brand of confection to the Diaspora; and ladies
dressed to the nines, trotting on high-heeled shoes, and young men
sporting designer wear and adopted accents stood side by side in united
admiration for MI. Most had forked out between 30 and 75 pounds for
this privilege.

Rap music is the
forte of the self-assured, and none exuded the confidence and swagger
(pardon this clichéd street slang) better than the Choc Boys. MI,
backed by Brymo, whipped the audience to a frenzy with a rendition of
“Action Film”. Its chorus, “I would like to take you on a ride,” was
nothing short of a promise of what the evening entailed. Extempore raps
were on the cards as Jesse Jags boasted the wealth of his lyrics: “They
call me Scarface, but everyday you can take my lines to the bank, they
call it Barclays.”

MI might have
visited London to promote his sophomore album but he was not about to
have the adoring crowd forget the self-titled debut that had set him
apart as the fastest-risen icon on the Nigerian music scene, in only
three years. He proposed a musical equivalent of Truth or Dare with his
label mates: concert-goers were given an opening cue to one of his old
songs and then were expected to rap the rest to prove their knowledge
of the track. Their reward was an item of clothing off one of the
rappers.

“I’m a girl
pleaser,” MI cued, and the audience screamed in response: “Big booty
squeezer, teaser looking for a diva for sheezer. What you need is a
geezer, cool like a freezer, rule like a Caesar,” finishing the hook of
the hit, “Teaser”.

“Anoti”, “Fast
Money Fast Cars”, “Mogbonofelifeli Remix”, “Nobody Test Me” and
“Forever” followed in the same pattern until all four pristine jackets
had being taken off, sometimes sparking catfights between eager hands
as they were thrown into the appreciative crowd. Jesse Jags, perhaps
not eager to stand before the crowd sans clothes, insisted that “one of
those lines just ain’t right,” effectively ending the game.

Rap Beef

MI without further
ado introduced one of the most popular song of his new album, “Beef”,
with a pep talk about “people that just be hating” – a reference to
musician Kelly Handsome. Many eagerly rhymed along with him: “See
musicians tryna beef me for real, son/ maybe they’re doing it to
promote the album/ they know that using my name will help them sell
some/ so Iceberg it’s all right, you’re welcome/ But I’m not in the
league, help me tell them/ The Super Eagles don’t play against the
Falcons/ see (ugly) pikin dey form handsome/ Kelechukwu clap for
yourself, well done!”

One wondered
fleetingly if the same crowd wouldn’t be just as keen to mouth the
words to “Finish You Boy”, Handsome’s newly-released response to MI’s
“Beef”. Perhaps the Nigerian crowd themselves are the fuel for the
Tupac/Biggie-like scenarios recently plaguing Nigeria’s music industry.

Proving his
dexterity as a lyricist, MI revealed the meaning behind some of his rap
lines that might have been taken at face value: “Some sow broke, others
wealth reaping,” and “How I would Fri as I Sat in the Sun through the
weekend” – a play on weekdays, which express his struggles to make a
name for himself in the industry.

Rhymes for Jos

But it wasn’t all
beef and self-aggrandisement as MI calmed the crowd’s excitement with
“Wild Wild West”, a song dedicated to the city of Jos. Accompanied by a
video showing graphic images of the 2010 crises, MI told of his anger
at the destruction that had “cancelled the (peaceful) name” of the
place he calls home. “Better get your gun, better get your vest, in
J-Town it’s the wild, wild, west/ I just wanna cry, I just wanna know
why my people struggle to unify/ orphans, coffins, bastards, caskets,
mass burials, how’re we gonna move past this?” he lamented to the
solemn rhythms that accompanied his delivery.

Not many of the
goings-on affecting the lives of the masses seemed to escape MI’s pen.
He may have moved “from a legedis-benz to a Honda” but he had expended
the effort to interview the street thugs of Lagos, and documented same
in a video that introduced a song inspired by the soundtrack of an old
Nigerian soap opera famous for the popular character, Jagua. “My head,
my belle” is a song for the poor, one that encouraged them and yet was
an apposite reflections of their circumstances.

Rounding up

Tracks like “Number
One”, “Slown Down”, “Represent” and “One Naira” featuring Waje, who
arrived sans make-up, straight from the airport, Ice Prince’s hit
single “Oleku” and Jesse Jagz’s “Jargo” rounded off the evening.

The album launch
was organised by Coko Bar, one of the more popular UK-based Nigerian
entertainment promoters. Acknowledging the management of Audu Maikori,
Chocolate City founder, comedian Seyi Law cracked a joke at MI’s
expense, saying, “If no be for this man (Maikori), MI Abaga for dey run
for gun now for Jos.”

Seyi Law and
British comedy act Kevin Jay, who has perfected Nigerian patterns of
speech and Pidgin English, had earlier reduced the audience to fits of
laughter with their hilarious takes on Nigerian life. Other acts
included 2kris, the duo of Nigerian-born brothers; and Tipsy, a
feminine incarnation of Dagrin’s street style who performed a tribute
to the late rapper.

MI may have been
accused of diluting his style with ‘MI2: the Movie’, but every song is
a brilliant reflection of the Nigerian struggle and aspiration,
eliciting open adulation from the fans who crowded the IndigO2 and were
crushed to see him leave at the show’s end. The emotion appeared to be
mutual as it was a reluctant MI that was finally coaxed offstage by
Coko Bar founder, Ropo Akin.

But not before MI had handed out all the accessories he was
wearing. Eventually stripped of almost everything but the clothes on
his back, and with several demanding fans left to satisfy, he had tried
to lift some off the other Choc Boys. But they, unlike MI, were not as
obliging. Hopefully, many a fan who left the show with a valuable
memento in hand, wished the short black boy a long reign as “African
rapper number one.”

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EMAIL FROM AMERICA:(Flashback:Hide your lamps)

EMAIL FROM AMERICA:(Flashback:Hide your lamps)

I was a boy once.
In Catholic boarding school. I survived the experience, I think. The
boarding school I attended as a little boy in the 70’s would be deemed
a place of abuse here in the West. Our parents thought we were getting
an education. I was about to turn 11-years-old when I started Form One.
I had skipped Primary Six because I passed the concessional entrance
examination to a highly sought-after secondary school. My mother felt I
was too young to leave the nest. My father would have none of it; once
I scaled the interview, I was sent off to go spend a nerve-wracking
five years in this school about an hour away from the city where we
lived. I did not like it, I missed my mom a lot and I just wanted to go
home.

Our boarding
school was organised around several ‘houses’, each of which
accommodated dozens of boys. There was a hierarchy of juniors, seniors
and prefects. The seniors lorded it over the juniors and the prefects
lorded it over everybody. There was an infirmary where the sick went. I
was a frequent visitor to the infirmary because malaria was my constant
companion. There was the local hospital, Zuma Memorial, owned by the
late legend, Christopher Okojie. If you had a bad case of malaria, you
went to see Dr Okojie, a compassionate but stern father figure. Many of
us would be dead today without his pioneering work. There are several
myths and tales about the good doctor. Like: this day student went to
see Dr Okojie and when he asked what he’d had for breakfast, the yeye
boy recounted imaginary stuff he’d read about in books. “Em, nothing
special sir, eggs sunny side up, two slices of toast, crumpets,
marmalade and tea!” Well, he proceeds to vomit right there and then,
come and see miracle of Galilee: hot toast and eggs sunny side up had
turned into long coils of eba and okro!

There was a
student riot. We did not like the food. The tea was weak; coloured
water, we called it. This one evening, some hot heads decided we had
had enough of the abuse. We all marched to the teachers’ quarters
chanting something revolutionary along the strains of “Beasts of
England! Beasts of Ireland!” We had been reading George Orwell’s
‘Animal Farm’ in class. We all headed to the senior tutor’s house, the
most hated man in our universe, just in time to see him flee into the
woods half-dressed. The police came and we were herded into the dining
hall where our ring leaders read the list of our demands: we wanted
bread, real tea, tins of sardines, really important stuff that would
stuff our stomachs. We also wanted the beatings to stop. And yes, no
more exams, we really, really hated those. We ate well that night. The
next day, all our ring leaders were sent packing. They never came back.

Once, our dinner
goat escaped from where it was tethered, and I have a vivid memory of
all of us chasing this cowardly goat. We caught and ate it, of course.
Juniors served the food. We got the food from the cooks and served them
in numbered dishes. The seniors always demanded more food than we were
able to provide. Once, one senior got enraged that I served him the
bitter end of yam. He chased after me as I raced away in terror and he
broke my ankle by kicking me off the ground like a soccer ball. There
were many things that happened to little boys in those hostels. Sexual
abuse by older boys was prevalent. Stubborn boys like me who fought
back were beaten or severely punished for not toeing the line. Even in
those days, I was a fighter.

Kerosene lanterns remind me of the pain of darkness. Our principal
was an Irish priest. We lived in mortal fear of him. He was built like
an angry boxer. Lights out and we had to go to bed. We preferred to
continue reading with the aid of kerosene lanterns. In his white
cassock he moved around like a spirit, you never knew when he would
steal behind you and make mincemeat of you for some infraction. There
was always an infraction; it was the Catholic Church. He was powerful.
He could beat a little boy into a pulp. For all these reasons, we
called him Akhu, the Powerful One. Akhu would surprise a little boy by
climbing into a dorm’s window and if he caught the boy reading, he
would lift him up with one arm and pummel him to sleep. The boy’s wail
would be carried from dorm to dorm: St Andrew’s, St. Mary’s, St.
Augustine’s, St. Joseph’s – these houses were named after saints. We
would hear the plaintive wail of a boy warning of the coming hell. “The
Powerful One is here! The Powerful One is here! Hide your lamps!!”
Dominus Vobiscum. Let us pray.

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Technology comes to town

Technology comes to town

For a few days last week, some of our country’s
most engaged, cutting edge – mostly young – technology entrepreneurs,
advocates and innovators were gathered in one location in Lagos’s
Victoria Island for what some would call a long overdue meeting of
minds. Themed G-Nigeria, about a thousand – organisers say – young
Nigerians bent over laptops and whatever new technology you can lay
your hands on these days, sharing ideas and resources about ideas,
trends and possibilities.

Of course, Nigeria didn’t need Google to open our
eyes to the abundance of human resources available when it comes to
technology, or more specifically Information Technology. We are
surrounded by men and women who have been able to manipulate these
various technologies as they have emerged – whether for good of society
or simply to deprive unsuspecting foreigners of hard earned money.

In the past few years, thanks to the Economic and
Financial Crimes Commission as well as a slew of public spirited
initiatives, both the incidence and prominence of those kinds of
activities have been on the decline. Instead, Nigerians have been
developing applications, applying software or finding ways of
integrating the different technologies into trends and lifestyles. New
Media companies, web development and management firms, and online
portals have flourished over the past half a decade. The fact that most
of the activity around the media, entertainment and fashion is driven
by technology is testament to this.

The tragedy has been that most of this growth has
happened in spite of lack of support or, at the least, vision. Many of
these entrepreneurs and innovators have found themselves working alone,
without any kind of private or public sector driven institutional
support.

Many Nigerian corporate organisations, even those
who pretend to a bias for technology or to being globally competitive
in terms of cutting edge technology, have been unable to provide any
kind of strategic support to drive expansion or build capacity. As
always, not a lot of them have been ready to take a risk on an emerging
industry or emerging entrepreneurs.

It is also a necessary, even if fruitless,
exercise to point a finger at a government that has many times
acknowledged, verbally, the potential and possibilities of this
catchment, but has yet to – despite a ministry dedicated to this at the
federal level and many copycat agencies and arms at the state levels –
evolve policy that will take advantage of this passion, channel it and
ensure sustenance.

For a country that needs to channel all its
potential in order to be competitive in a world that is now largely
driven by and towards technology, this is a tragedy by itself.

Organisations like Google have managed to make the
point that there is a critical mass of driven and equipped Nigerians –
young and old – with the capacity to drive our economy upwards with
technology. The good news is that these young people can take credit
for having led where their supposed leaders failed to. Nigerians
followed and eventually the leaders had to. Well, at least, they
finally caught up.

Over the next year or so, our country is on the
edge of technological explosion, bolstered by everything from
investments by multinationals like Google to the much-awaited Main-One
cable. These will boost capacity such as the nation has yet to see.

It’s now time for the authorities to take the
responsibility. Nigeria can be a technology hub, not just leading
within the continent, but also competing properly on the global stage.
There’s no longer any excuse to lag behind.

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DEEPENING DEMOCRACY: Elections and political futures in West Africa

DEEPENING DEMOCRACY: Elections and political futures in West Africa

In the 80s and
early 90s, authoritarianism and militarism in West Africa led to
serious political crisis and civil war. The restoration of democracy in
the region in the 90s, however, led to a reduction of tensions and the
return of political stability. The tide seems to be changing over the
past decade as the restoration of electoral democracy is today
generating or reviving structural tensions and political instability in
the region.

One element of the
return to democracy crisis is the re-emergence of the old habit of
authoritarian ruling incumbents or their families simply refusing to
leave power as and when due. When Gnasingbe Eyadema of Togo died in
2005, his son simply took over in total disregard of the Constitution
and it took enormous pressure and threats by ECOWAS under the
leadership of Olusegun Obasanjo and Mamdou Tandja to force him to step
down and organise elections.

Mr Obasanjo himself
nearly precipitated a major political crisis in Nigeria in 2006 when he
tried to change the Constitution so that he would not have to step down
after his two terms in office. In Niger, President Tandja refused to
step down in 2010 when he finished his two terms, precipitating a major
political upheaval, and was finally forcibly removed from office
through a coup d’état.

At the heart of the
rising tensions provoked by elections is the unwillingness of ruling
cabals to cede power democratically. This is best expressed by the
12-year-old crisis in Cote d’Ivoire. In December 1999, Robert Guei
carried out a coup because he was afraid that Muslim northerners would
win the elections programmed to hold in 2000. The greatest danger to
Cote d’Ivoire, he argued, was that Alassane Outtara might win the
elections, so he banned him from the contest and declared that he would
run as military head of state.

General Guei
organised the 2000 elections without Outtara and to his shock
discovered that it was Laurent Gbagbo, not him, that was winning. He
tried to rig, it was too late; Gbagbo’s party, the FPI, were in the
streets protesting, and in the free-for-all riots, Guei was
assassinated and Gbagbo emerged as president. He took over Guei’s
policy that Muslims and northerners must never be allowed to rule in
Cote d’Ivoire. The result was civil war in 2002 when northern Muslims
in the country declared war and the country was split into two,
following the outbreak of hostilities. When Laurent Gbagbo’s term in
office ended in 2005, he too refused to organise elections on the same
grounds as General Guei — that Alassane Outtara might win. He delayed
the elections for five years, ruling without an electoral mandate until
he was forced to hold elections in 2010 through international pressure.

To confirm his
worst fears, Alassane Outtara did win the 2010 elections and he refused
to hand over power until war returned to the country and a combination
of troops from the northern patriotic forces, the French army and the
United Nations forces marched into Abidjan and arrested him in his
bunker. That process consumed thousands of innocent lives.

The surprising case
in which elections have not led to political crisis is Guinea. Guinea
never knew free and fair elections between 1958 and 2010. The 2010
elections in the country was a direct contest between the rich and
powerful Fulani elite under the leadership of Cellou Dalen who had been
excluded from power since 1958. The Fulani thought that 2010 was their
year; they gave 100 percent of their votes to Dalen who got 43 percent
in the first round, double the percentage of the second person. They
were confident; they needed less than 7 percent more in the second
round to win.

In the second round
however, all the minority ethnic groups ganged up to support the
historic opposition figure and Malinke power broker, Alpha Conde, who
won with 52 percent. The ethnic minorities felt the Fulani had economic
power and adding political power would make them too dominant. Rather
than complain about 50 years of oppression and marginalisation during
which about 50,000 Fulani leaders and cadres had been killed by the two
bloodthirsty dictators — Sekou Toure and Lansana Conte — Dalen, the
Fulani leader congratulated Alpha Conde for his victory and announced
that he would concentrate on preparing for the 2014 elections. Thanks
to his statesmanship, the transition was smooth.

The April 2011 Nigerian elections in which Goodluck Jonathan, a
southern minority Christian defeated a northern Muslim, Mohammadu
Buhari, led to riots and the massacre of hundreds of people,
reminiscent of the 1966 killings that led to the three-year civil war
in which one million people lost their lives. The return of very strong
ethno-religious and regional tensions related to electoral outcomes is
the most serious threat to West Africa’s political stability. We all
have a responsibility to promote political cohesion and avoid fanning
the embers of hate and division. We must be conscious that religious
insecurity is particularly insidious and dangerous because it makes
people feel threatened. Nigeria and indeed West Africa must remain
steadfast on the path of deepening democracy and maintaining peace.

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PERSONAL FINANCE: Don’t miss out on opportunities in the stock market

PERSONAL FINANCE: Don’t miss out on opportunities in the stock market

Far too many people
are still sitting on the sidelines and are hesitant about investing in
the stock market. Because of their strong aversion to risk and the fear
of loss, they are watching opportunities pass them by. The stock market
can seem intimidating for the new investor and for those who have had a
bad experience in the past; but it needn’t be. Here are a few tips as
you consider investing:

Set yourself clear goals

Before you put any
money down at all, set yourself clear goals. These may include funding
your children’s education, making a down payment on your new home or
saving for your retirement. The best way to navigate the investment
environment is to have set goals in place and a clear plan on how to
achieve them. If you have set yourself clear goals, your focus will
largely be on accomplishing them and your plan will provide you with
direction on how best to invest your money. Investing is a journey
towards achieving your goals.

Build your knowledge

One of the best
investments you can make in yourself is to take the time and trouble to
improve your knowledge of investing. There is a plethora of information
and research by professional analysts and experts, which will be a good
guide. Investment seminars are also available that can develop you and
point you in the right direction. Resolve to take some time to educate
yourself. You will be surprised to see how much you can learn in a year.

How much risk can you take?

How much risk can
you endure without staying awake at night? Sometimes you do need nerves
of steel to sit tight when the market dips sharply. It is important to
be aware of your attitude to risk and that stock market investing comes
with risk. Stock market investments are not guaranteed. This means that
although you are likely to make money over the long term, you can lose
your investment.

If you can’t bear
to take much risk and would be devastated by any loss, it is best for
you to put only a small portion of your investible funds in the stock
market and the balance in money market investments.

Invest for the long term

How much money can
you really afford to put away for say five years and beyond? When you
think of investing in the stock market, adopt a long-term strategy
rather than looking to make a quick profit. Avoid investing more than
you can comfortably afford to be without during your time horizon.
Historically, stocks have generally outperformed other investment
classes over the long term. However, in the short term, the market can
be unpredictable and carry a greater risk of loss.

Diversify

“Don’t put all your
eggs in one basket!” Don’t put all your money in one stock and don’t
invest in stocks alone. When it comes to buying shares, diversification
is essential. Instead of investing all your money in just one or two
companies, its best to diversify by buying shares in different
companies and sectors.

Get professional Help

Most of us do not
have the time or expertise to make sound investment choices without the
help of a professional. Professionals have the expertise and an
enormous amount of information with which they can make well-informed
decisions and guide you appropriately.

Don’t jump on the bandwagon

When you make an
investment, you should know your reasons for doing so. Relying upon
every rumour or tit bit from your friend or neighbour is tantamount to
gambling.

Invest regularly

Allocate a part of
your investments in a systematic investment plan. Instead of trying to
time the market, invest on a regular basis say monthly, or quarterly in
an appropriate vehicle, and even when your finances are stretched.

Invest in Mutual Funds

If you are new to
investing or don’t have that much money to invest, a mutual fund may be
the most convenient way to invest. A mutual fund pools investor’s funds
and manages them in stocks, bonds, money market instruments, etc. The
benefits of mutual fund ownership include the wide variety of
investment types to choose from, having a diversified portfolio of
stocks, bonds and cash, and having access to professional management,
usually the prerogative of substantial investors.

Buy low-sell high

This seems so
obvious but many investors often do the exact opposite! They jump on
the bandwagon and invest when the market is already rallying. Once it
reverses, they panic and sell. If anything, this should be considered
an opportunity to invest in strong companies at bargain prices. A
market decline is not the time to panic and sell, but rather to take
advantage of the lower prices.

Be realistic about
your expectations of the stock market. If you set reasonable long-term
profit expectations for your investments, you will be more accepting of
the inevitable periods of volatility. If you stay the course and
continue to build upon the foundations of a sound investment strategy,
you can come closer to your financial goals. Depending upon your
particular circumstance, your age and time frame and your overall
financial plan, do consider putting at least some portion of your money
in the capital market; it still offers the best prospect of real long
term growth.

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