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Thousands of angry Egyptians defied a curfew on Saturday for the second day
in a row and stayed on the streets to push their demand that President Hosni
Mubarak resign.

The army had warned that anyone who remained on the streets after 4 p.m.
(1400 GMT) would be in danger, but as the deadline passed, protests continued
in central Cairo and the port city of Alexandria, witnesses said.

Soldiers took no immediate action. They seemed relaxed and some protesters
chatted with troops mounted on armoured vehicles, the witnesses said.

On the fifth day of unprecedented protests against Mubarak’s 30-year-rule,
it looked increasingly as if the army held the key to the nation’s future.

The president ordered troops and tanks into Cairo and other cities overnight
and imposed a curfew in a bid to quell unrest in which dozens of people were
killed.

In an effort to appease the protesters, he dismissed his cabinet and said he
would listen to demands for reform.

The protesters, many of them young urban poor or students, are enraged over
endemic poverty, corruption and unemployment as well as the lack of democracy
in the most populous Arab nation. They pledged to press on with protests until
Mubarak quits.

The unrest, which follows the overthrow of Tunisian strongman Zine
al-Abidine Ben Ali two weeks ago in a popular uprising, has sent shock waves
through the Middle East, where other autocratic rulers may face similar
challenges.

Several thousand people flocked to central Cairo’s Tahrir Square on
Saturday, waving Egyptian flags and pumping their arms in the air in unison.
“The people demand the president be put on trial,” they chanted.

Troops made no attempt to break up the
demonstration and protesters encouraged them to support their cause.

The scene contrasted with Friday, when police fired teargas and rubber
bullets and protesters hurled stones in running battles.

While the police are generally feared as an instrument of repression, the
army is seen as a national institution.

Army is key

One Middle East expert, Rosemary Hollis, of London’s City University, told
Reuters the army had to decide whether it stood with Mubarak or the people.

“It’s one of those moments where as with the fall of communism in
Eastern Europe they can come down to individual lieutenants and soldiers to
decide whether they fire on the crowd or not.”

In Alexandria, police used teargas and live ammunition against demonstrators
earlier on Saturday.

Al Jazeera TV reported police opened fire on protesters trying to storm the
Interior Ministry in Cairo, killing three, but the report could not be
confirmed.

According to a Reuters tally, at least 74 people have been killed during the
week although there was no official figure. Medical sources said at least 1,030
people were injured in Cairo.

Government buildings, including the ruling
party headquarters, still blazed on Saturday morning after being set alight by
demonstrators who targeted symbols of Mubarak’s rule

As well as Cairo and Alexandria, clashes have also occurred in Suez, site of
the strategically important canal.

“We are not demanding a change of cabinet, we want them all to leave,
Mubarak before anyone else,” said Saad Mohammed, a 45-year-old welder in
Tahrir Square.

Mubarak, a key U.S. ally, has held power since the 1981 assassination of President
Anwar Sadat by Islamist soldiers and his government still rules with emergency
laws.

He promised to address Egyptians’ grievances in a television address on
Friday but made clear he intended to stay in power.

So far, the protest movement seems to have no clear leader or organisation
even if Mubarak did wish to open a dialogue.

Prominent activist Mohamed ElBaradei, a Nobel Peace Laureate for his work
with the U.N. nuclear agency, returned to Egypt from Europe to join the
protests. But many Egyptians feel he has not spent enough time in the country.

In an interview with France 24 television, ElBaradei said Mubarak should
step down and begin a transition of power.

“There is a consensus in Egypt in every part of society that this is a
regime that is a dictatorship, that has failed to deliver on economic, social,
and political fronts,” he said.

The Muslim Brotherhood, an Islamist
opposition group, has also stayed in the background, although several of its
senior officials have been rounded up. The government has accused it of
planning to exploit the protests.

The deployment of army troops to back up the police showed that Mubarak
still has the support of the military, the country’s most powerful force. But
any change of sentiment among the generals could seal his fate.

Mocking Mubarak

Protesters in Tahrir Square mocked Mubarak’s sacking of his cabinet as an
empty gesture.

Mahmoud Mohammed Imam, a 26-year-old taxi-driver, said: “All he said
was empty promises and lies. He appointed a new government of thieves, one
thief goes and one thief comes to loot the country.”

“This is the revolution of the people who are hungry, this is the
revolution of the people who have no money against those with a lot of
money.”

The final straw appeared to be the prospect of elections due to be held in
September. Until now few had doubted that Mubarak would remain in control or
bring in a successor in the shape of his 47-year-old son Gamal.

It also poses a dilemma for the United States. Mubarak, 82, has been a close
ally of Washington and beneficiary of U.S. aid for decades, justifying his
autocratic rule in part by citing a danger of Islamist militancy.

Egypt plays an important role in Middle East peacemaking and was the first
Arab nation to sign a peace treaty with Israel.

U.S. President Barack Obama said he had
spoken to Mubarak shortly after his speech on Friday and urged him to make good
on his promises of reform. U.S. officials made clear that $1.5 billion in aid
was at stake.

The European Union and other foreign governments appealed to Mubarak to show
restraint and listen to the demands of the people but stopped short of
suggesting he should quit. Saudi Arabia’s King Abdallah expressed his support
for him.

Britain, Germany and other countries advised their nationals against travel
to the main cities hit, a development that would harm Egypt’s tourist industry,
a mainstay of the economy.

Banks will be shut on Sunday as “a precaution”, Central Bank
Governor Hisham Ramez told Reuters.

The stock market, whose benchmark index tumbled 16 percent in two days, will
also be closed on Sunday. The Egyptian pound fell to six-year lows.

REUTERS