Nigeria Content Online

Nigerian consumer
products firm, PZ Cussons, said on Wednesday its pre-tax profit rose
1.5 percent to 863 million naira in the first quarter to the end of
August.

Turnover fell to 12
billion naira in the period from 13.88 billion naira the year before,
the company said in a filing with the Nigerian Stock Exchange.

Some
finance experts say money and treasury bill rates are expected to rise
in the short to medium term due to the tightening in monetary
conditions.

This
is also because the government’s ability to inject substantial amounts
of liquidity will be limited, as the excess crude account has been
depleted, although recurring spending is still likely to remain robust
ahead of the 2011 general elections.

In
a move that took most industry watchers by surprise, the Central Bank
signalled a move towards a tightening of monetary conditions in the
country with its decision to increase the policy rate (MPR) by 25 basis
points from 6.0 percent to 6.25 percent, in contrast with market
expectations.

The
decision comes in the wake of indications last week by the bank
governor that the policy rate may remain neutral. However, the threat
of higher inflation rates as the nation enters into the early stages of
the 2011 general elections cycle may have persuaded the rate-setting
committee to move away from its previously accommodative position.

“Overall,
this means short-dated rates will incrementally catch up with
long-dated bond yields, which have been tilted to the upside given the
DMO’s incremental issuance needed to bridge this year’s rising fiscal
gap (N120 billion in September, from N126 billion in August and a
median of N80 billion in half year 2010)”, said Samir Gadio, emerging
markets strategist, Standard Bank Plc.

Afrinvest,
an investment firm, said while the upward revision to the Standard
Deposit Facility was largely in line with its expectations, it views
the revision to MPR as mildly surprising given the restated commitment
of the Central Bank towards growing credit to the real economy.

“The
magnitude of this change, however, reveals only a slight concern,
notably within the context of recent inflation data, which suggests a
gradual upward trend,” the firm stated.

Lending challenges may remain

The
benchmark rate had been maintained at a record low level of six percent
since July 2009, amid an accommodative monetary framework as the
Central Bank attempted to revive private lending and boost growth, even
as private sector credit expansion decelerated further to 9.8 percent
in July.

As
such, experts say a turnaround in lending to the real economy has not
materialised, despite systemic excess liquidity, which highlights the
weakness of the monetary transmission mechanism, especially given the
structural issues in the banking system.

“Accordingly,
we think AMCON’s role will be critically important to improve risk
perception across the board and progressively boost financial
intermediation and lending over the next few years. It will also
ultimately contribute to allaying fears of investors, which have caused
the recent poor performance of the Nigerian Stock Exchange, with the
banking sector weighting heavily on the index,” Mr. Gadio said.

Addressing Inflation

The
Central Bank also factored in a higher inflation environment, as it
reiterated its earlier position on the threat of inflationary pressure
arising from several other factors.

Mr.
Gadio, however, said that the MPC will probably revise its year-end
forecast given that single-digit consumer prices are highly unlikely in
the framework of the new CPI basket, released by the National Bureau of
Statistics.

“In
our view, this makes sense if one factors in the relatively weak money
multiplier and sluggish credit metrics. Additionally, the volatility in
inflation is still driven by its exogenous component, which would make
tricky the implementation of inflation targeting in the near future,”
Mr. Gadio said.

The
committee noted that the key policy challenges remained the continuing
sub-optimal growth in money supply, coupled with the negative growth in
private sector credit, as well as the subsisting high retail lending
rates in the face of substantially low wholesale inter-bank and retail
deposit rates.

The Institute of
Chartered Secretaries and Administrators of Nigeria (ICSAN) has said it
would prosecute its members who violate corporate governance rules in
the country. ICSAN, which membership comprises lawyers and
administrative managers, is the recognised professional body in Nigeria
dedicated to enhancing the status and practice of corporate governance
and public administration.

Moses Adeisa, the
institute president, said corporate governance was the important
challenge facing public and private businesses in the world today.

“Our members are always expected to adhere to the rules of corporate governance,” Mr. Adeisa said.

“Anyone of them
found wanting will be brought before the disciplinary committee, which
tries them to give them fair hearing. Anyone found wanting will be made
to face sanction of either a fine or other punishment under the law.”

He, however, said
the institute does not have the power of enforcement under the law, but
would rather subject its members to the disciplinary rules of the body.

Collaborating with regulators

He said the
institute was collaborating with regulatory authorities in the training
and retraining of their staff, in order to strengthen the enforcement
of corporate governance in the country.

In his address at
the institute’s 34th annual conference with the theme, ‘Managing Growth
in Challenging Times: The Significance of Corporate Governance’ held in
Lagos yesterday, Adeisa said the current economic recovery, which has
begun by government, must be made to work in order to build the
confidence of investors.

“The shakeup in the
financial sector is not really as a result of failure of corporate
governance, but it emphasises the need to enforce corporate governance
practices,” he said.

He said company
secretaries are expected to advise the board of directors on changes in
laws as it affects the operations of the sector.

“He must keep up
with changes in the laws, business, and finance and understand their
implications for better decision making,” he further said.

Cause of distress

Tunde Lemo, deputy
governor, banking and payment systems department of the Central Bank of
Nigeria (CBN), said poor corporate governance has been one of the
primary causes of all known distress in the Nigerian banking industry,
including the latest incidence which required the direct intervention
of the CBN in some banks last year.

“Banks’ reports to
Central Bank and investors were seldom accurate, thus depriving the
Central Bank of the right information to take timely and effective
regulatory decisions. Investors and other stakeholders were also misled
by this distorted information supplied by the banks,” Mr. Lemo said.

In his keynote address, Mr. Lemo said that a safe and sound system is predicated on good corporate governance practices.

“The achievement of
vision and mission of your respective organisations would remain a
mirage without good corporate governance. The various professional
bodies must promote and enforce ethical behavior that will reinforce
strong corporate governance practices,” he said.

Mr. Lemo added that
instituting corporate governance was important for private sector
companies, as well as public sector firms where it has begun to receive
increased attention. “This is particularly the case when countries are
attempting to curb widespread corruption within the public sector, or
when they are preparing public enterprises for privatisation. In either
scenario, sound corporate governance helps to ensure that the public
gets fair return on their national assets,” he added.

George Oguntade, a
retired Supreme Court justice, who chaired the conference, observed
that poor corporate governance was the foundation for corrupt
practices.

“There is huge unemployment; growth is a mirage in Nigeria due to the problem of corruption,” Mr. Oguntade said.

“Our educational
system is deeply troubled. We worry everyday whether we can survive as
a nation. Put bluntly, this country is in a state of self doubt,” he
added.

He said Nigerians must begin to consider the negative influence of corruption in order to curb the menace.

I recently learnt a lesson in basic capitalism from two hawkers on the streets of Antigua, Guatemala.

The first hawker
approached me, selling wooden flutes that I had no particular interest
in. He urged me to part with US$25 for one. For a moment, I thought of
my youngest son who has a passion for playing the flute and the
trumpet.

The hawker’s basic
commercial English would tickle your ears. But then, my Spanish is not
enough to get anywhere beyond basic greetings. I offered to pay US$5,
and the guy lowered his price to 15. Eventually, I dished out $10 to
this guy who took the cash and promptly moved to search for another
‘tourist.’

The flute under my
armpit, I swaggered with friends for dinner in a beautiful restaurant.
Not too long after, another hawker caught up with me. Guess what? He
had flutes to sell and without any bargaining, he announced they went
for $1 apiece. That was the end of lesson one: never rush the
celebration of a bargain.

Some evenings
later, my friends and I decided to sample the culinary delights of
Antigua again. A young girl soon made an approach with a collection of
pendants and scarves for sale. I was not ready to be sucked in a second
time.

When she pushed her
pendants at me I showed her one I had bought earlier in the day
dangling from my neck. Next, she brought a scarf. Too bad, I already
had one around my neck to ward off the cold. She looked at me for a
while and asked in impeccable English, “Why don’t you want to spend
money?” Taken aback, my response was laughter. Then she fired a second
salvo: “open the other wallet!”

She taught me a
sound lesson in basic capitalism. First, you must spend money. Is that
not the logic about how to stimulate recovery from the financial crisis
the world has been plunged into? More money into the hands of private
sector operators is expected to bring efficiency over profligacy
caskets.

Open the other
wallet? It was later on it dawned on me that some tourists probably
always carried two wallets: one with the local currency and another
with dollars or some similar currencies, but I had only one wallet.

With the
reflections from Antigua hawkers, it was time for us to visit San Juan
Sacatepéquez, a municipality in Guatemala whose local people engage
mainly in agriculture and production of flowers. The visit to a region
of 12 communities with a population of 75,000 revealed an iconic
struggle between local peoples on the one side, and combined teams of
governments and industry on the other.

After listening to
the people at a community meeting and then to the minister of energy
and mines of the country, I saw similarities with community struggles
in Nigeria. A major source of conflict has often been the peoples
demand for dialogue.

Shattered peace

The people recalled
that peace was shattered in 2006 when Cementos Progreso moved in to
commence exploratory activities for mineral exploitation for cement
production. Cementos Progresso is embarking on this project in
partnership with Holcin, the world’s second largest multinational
cement company, which is raising environmental dusts in other
countries, including South Africa.

The people insisted
they were not consulted and that an Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) prepared for the project was not participatory. Also, when they
asked for consultative meetings with the company and the government,
they were rebuffed. At a point, a state of emergency was declared in
the area and initial works on the project took off under that cover.

Community people
insist that this denial of consultation violates their rights, as
established under International Labour Organisation’s convention 169,
which requires that affected communities be consulted on projects that
will affect their territories. Guatemalan constitutional court ruled in
December 2009 that licences issued by the ministry of energy and mines
for the recognition, exploration, and mining and hydropower licences
without consultation, is unlawful and arbitrary and violates the
constitutional right of consultation.

With official
rejection of dialogue, the people went ahead and voted against the
project. The official response was repression, heavy-handed attacks,
deaths, and also imprisonment of three local people.

The people believe
their territory has over 34 different solid minerals and that the
cement company’s move is a ploy to open the area to mining of these
other minerals. They fear that the dust from cement operations would
damage their flower production and cripple the local economy.

Moreover, they
believe a road the company plans to build will only benefit the company
by providing it a link to the inter-America highway and would ignore
the community’s earth road that is in sore need for upgrading and
repairs.

When the issues
were tabled before the minister, the answers were telling. Of course,
they had the best intentions. They needed to fight poverty. Poverty
causes environmental degradation. An EIA was conducted and approved by
the relevant ministry.

A United Nations
agency also reviewed the EIA and cited the potential for heavy dusts as
an impact that needed action. Then he added that there was a
constitutional gap with regard to consultations. There is no clarity
about the meaning of popular consultations and who would be involved
and what the scope of such consultations should be. The ILO Convention
169 does not confer the power of veto to any consultative forum that
may be set up.

At the moment, the
project is stalled and there is an uneasy calm in the communities. The
government said mining works would commence only when a “friendly”
agreement is reached with the community.

This reminded me of
the lesson I got from the hawker about the approach of governments to
mining and other projects: open the other wallet – exploit anything
that can be exploited, whether you need it or not.

Lesson over!

The directive by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) that banks should migrate to the Nigerian Central Switch has elicited reactions from operators in the sector. According to them, the directive will affect the business of some payment companies currently operating.

In a circular titled ‘Interoperability and Interconnectivity of the Payment System Infrastructure in Nigeria,’ dated August 25, to all banks, switching companies, and other parties in the Nigerian payment system, the Central Bank directed that all automated teller machines (ATM) and point of sale (POS) terminals should be configured to accept and process all payment card schemes and other electronic payment instruments that are acceptable in Nigeria.

“The deadline for compliance is December 1, 2010,” the circular added. The aim, according to the CBN, is to achieve an effective and robust payment system in line with best practice.

By the circular, the Central Bank stated that the Nigerian Central Switch (NCS) system exists to address the issue of interconnectivity and insisted that private switches shall not connect to each other.

All banks were instructed to adjust “their switching systems connect to the Nigerian central switch and only one other private switch of their choice as determined by the type of business. All participants with multiple connections to private switches are hereby given till December 1, 2010 to terminate all multiple connections as appropriate,” the circular stated.

Policy somersault

A number of operators who spoke off record said the directive was contrary to the expectation in a free market economy.

“Nothing I am going to say about this matter is going to be complimentary about the CBN,” said a staff of one of the new switching companies.

“A few years after licencing more switching companies and collected huge sums from them, you now create another company that all other switching companies must connect to.”

Another industry operator said the NCS does not have the technology to play the role that the Central Bank is thrusting upon it.

“Right now, even the central switch is not yet in full operation. They do not have the capacity and they are yet to fully take off. Now, how can the Central Bank lump every payment system operator into a central switch, when our operations are different. Each one has its own business model with its own area of specialisation.”

He said the directive will end up limiting the options available to consumers.

However, Evans Woherem, executive director, operations and IT for Unity Bank, said Nigeria was in need of a central switching system in order to enhance interoperability in the payment system.

“I think it is a good thing because of the need for proper convergence. There was that need for proper interconnectivity and the way the country chose to do it was through the NIBSS (Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System),” he said.

Mr. Woherem, who was the former chairman of Interswitch, said there was nothing wrong if the CBN reverses an earlier decision, so long as it was for the common good.

“I think it is understandable that you might proceed on a particular path only to realise that you ought to have done it differently. l think it is okay. It shows that we are making progress,” he said.

Operational guidelines

The CBN in 2009 released the operational guidelines for the National Central Switch for all card and electronic funds transfer transactions in the country, with the directive to all switching companies in the country to connect to it. The NCS, which is operated by the NIBSS to provide interconnectivity and interoperability amongst approved electronic funds transfer switch platforms in the country.

Paul Lawal, CEO of NIBSS, said recently that, “The successful deployment of the Nigeria Central Switch is of national importance, as a successful national payments infrastructure has been proven to be crucial to the economic development and GDP growth of a country.”

He said it will create a more efficient national payment infrastructure by electronically switching retail payment transactions between commercial banks.

There are a number of companies which offer payment switching services for the Nigerian financial industry. Companies like Interswitch, eTranzact, Chams Switch, Card Technologies, and ValueCard all operate payment card scheme which are not often compatible with each other.

Emotional appeal in advertising is known as Emotional Selling
Proposition (ESP). A brand thrives when it forges powerful emotional bond with
consumers. Emotional appeal makes consumers have intimate relationship with
brands. Since a brand comprises emotional and physical attributes that appeal
to the consumers’ minds and hearts, the use of emotional appeal inspires and
moves them into action.

Recently, brands tend to utilise emotional appeal more to
resonate with consumers. Though one does not have any empirical data to support
this claim, the way such communication campaigns inspire the audience cannot be
underestimated.

Over the years, some brands have deployed emotional appeal as a
platform to build connection and sustain brand loyalty. Through this, consumers
assume ownership of the brand and they build their lives around it. Such brand
provides desired emotional benefits for the consumers. This goes a long way in
making brands evoke feelings in consumers, which ultimately influence their
purchase decision.

Emotional appeal is a powerful thing and it creates a lasting
bond between the consumers and such brands. When the Skye Bank campaign broke
some years ago, it was one that made a unique connection with consumers. The
campaign was one that not everyone believed it revolved round a financial
institution. It was a total departure from selling service and products
offerings to the consumers. It was one that significantly leveraged emotional
appeal to arouse consumer’s interest.

It is also worthy of note that successful brands thrive because
they offer consumers something that they want and need, something that is
beneficial and relevant to their lives. This should be the thrust of any brand
campaign that is hinged on emotional appeal. This is because many consumers
increasingly use brands as a means of self expression. This was the scenario
when it was discovered that several people downloaded the Hakuna Matata song
used in the Skye Bank advert as ringing tones.

Resonance with audience

The Skye Bank campaign on Hakuna Matata, meaning ‘no worries’,
is one that resonates with the target audience, as it identified with the
yearnings and aspirations of the consumers. Hakuna Matata later became a slogan
for several people, even when they pass through life’s challenges. It is an
emotional appeal that clearly tells the consumers, ‘no matter what happens, do
not worry’. The bank hinged on this appeal to assure customers of its readiness
to make banking a stress-free activity for them. With this strong emotive
platform, the bank was able to capture the minds of the customers.

The bank, basking on the success of the Hakuna Matata campaign,
further reinforced its brand message through the ‘Say Yes’ campaign. This is
one that seeks to tell the audience in clear terms that they should be positive
in life. The bank positions itself as a worthy friend to the customers, sharing
their dreams, and telling them it is only Skye Bank that is a true friend. The
platform is hinged on Emotional Selling Proposition, which evokes feelings of
the consumers to have positive spirit all times. The radio jingle ‘I wish I
have a friend, saying Yes to My Dreams’ became a sing along for everyone.

Succinctly put, the consumer can have possibilities if only he
or she thinks about it. He should just believe everything about his life is
possible when he says YES – which means he should just believe in himself and
his potentials. The campaign, even though now rested, is one that really leveraged
on the impact of emotive appeal that can be forgotten in a hurry. The new
campaign tells the audience ‘How Can We Say Yes To You’. This also positions
the bank as a dependable friend that can shoulder the burden of the cosumers.

Diamond Bank is also joining the fray of leveraging on Emotional
Selling Proposition to reach out to all segments of the society.

Though Emotional Selling Proposition goes the extra mile in
building brand loyalty and creating emotional attachment with consumers, it
should also align with the brand promise. Such campaigns can only translate to
success when consumer experience of the brand brings satisfaction and
fulfilment.

Nigerian interbank lending rates rose to 4.0 per cent on average last week, from 1.66 per cent the previous week, after large cash withdrawals drained liquidity from the system.

The secured Open Buy Back climbed to 3.5 per cent from 1.50 per cent, 75 basis points above the Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) rate and 4.5 percentage points below the 6 per cent central bank benchmark rate, Overnight placement rates rose to 4.0 per cent from 1.75 per cent, while call money closed at 4.5 per cent compared to 1.75 per cent. According to a Reuters report last week, the cost of funds on the interbank will spike further early next week as market liquidity continues to thin out.

Bank officials however say the rates surge should not necessarily lead to any major disruptions in business or bank lending as it is not an unusual occurrence in the money market.

“Many factors are responsible for rates surging. Usually, towards the end of the month, interbank rates are high because a lot of payments need to be made at the end of the months and banks need to be liquid. Companies need to pay staff, interests on loans need to be paid, and so many factors determine it. The relationship between banks also determine the rates they would operate with,” a source at Oceanic bank said.

Withdrawals by large organisations and the demand for funds for foreign exchange purchases at bi-weekly official auctions also help to drain liquidity in the market, pushing up the cost of borrowing among banks.

Lending rate not encouraging

Experts have called on banks to address their strategy regarding the need to create new assets, as lending rates are still high.

Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, the Central Bank Governor says weak bank lending is a “major worry”. And that although he wants single-digit inflation by the end of the year, the central bank will do nothing to jeopardise economic growth. “Bank lending has not been growing as fast as we would like it to grow. So as far as upside risk to inflation, it is not very high,” Mr Sanusi said in the Reuters report.

Experts however say the election induced increase in government spending and the establishment of an asset management company to soak up bad bank loans should help put more money into the system.

Akinbamidele Akintola, a research analyst at Renaissance Capital, an investment banking firm said the Central Bank’s reforms would yield positive results on the entire sector. “I am of the opinion that we need to key our eyes on the ball and that would be the reforms by the Central Bank. It is ongoing and it is definitely going to yield some positive results for the entire sector. The AMCON Bill has been signed into law and the Presidency is committed to getting a competent team of people to man the corporation and all of this is in the pipeline. By and large, we expect a gradual turnaround in the banks as the Central Bank continues to make concerted efforts to stimulate the recovery of the financial system by acquiring non-performing loans from the banks and assisting them in improving their capital and liquidity,” he said.

Bank officials say the regular cash inflows from the monthly budgetary disbursals to government agencies however usually has major impact on liquidity in the economy and can ease the rising interbank rates.

Nigeria’s Central Bank is likely to keep its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 6 percent on Tuesday, as the need to stimulate growth outweighs inflation risks in sub-Saharan Africa’s No. 2 economy.

However, the decision is tougher to call than previous meetings because of a decision in August to revise monthly inflation figures upwards to reflect changes in standard of living assumptions, analysts said.

“We think it is going to be a close call this time around between a pause and rate hike,” Citibank said in a research note.

“We look for an unchanged policy rate based on the bank’s current quantitative easing programme.”

Nigeria has pledged continued support to global peace and security as the country celebrates 50 years of independence, the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports on Sunday in London.

Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Odein Ajumogobia, stated this at a reception in honour of Nigeria at 50, organised by the Royal Commonwealth Society.

Ajumogobia said that Nigeria’s focus on regional peace remained its major foreign policy, while recalling the various contributions to peace-keeping and stability in the West African sub-region and globally, adding that at 50, Nigeria has a lot to celebrate, in spite of developmental and economic challenges.

Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google and is based on Linux, which in my opinion, is the very best operating system out there in the wild, but then, that is a topic for another discussion.

What is without doubt is that in the last two years, Android’s share of the worldwide smartphone market has been inexorably climbing. As of Q2 2009, Android had a 2.8% share of the market. As of Q2 2010, this share had climbed to 13%. It has even done better in the key US market, whereas as of Q1 2010, Android is now second only to RIM’s Blackberry. Europe is following as well, and based on the number of Android phones I am beginning to see in Nigeria, it is just a matter of time before Nigeria will be in the race too.

One of the main advantages that Android has, which has helped in its uptake, is that unlike RIM’s Blackberry OS, and Apple’s IOS as examples, Android is multiplatform and is free. This means that more phone manufacturers are using it as their OS of choice on their phones.

One of the killer features of ALL smartphones is the applications that can be installed on these phones. In this area, Apple’s iPhone platform is the clear leader, but again, as in most things Google gets involved in, there is a quick catch up going on. Since Google began to allow third party apps for the Android platform, and with the growing number of Android based handsets, more and more third party applications have begun to appear for Android, and as at 15 July 2010, there were over 70000 applications available with more than a billion downloads.

Now, given this large number of applications, which would be most useful for the average user? My top five are briefly reviewed below:

First stop for me is Battery Booster. Given that NEPA is still a problem in this environment, Battery Booster helps increase the juice in your Android phone by providing a quick widget from which you can control some of your more battery intensive functions such as wi-fi. It also tells you just how much battery life you have left, so you know if you can take that phone call from your bothersome co-tenant.

What did people use to do before the coming of the Internet? Frankly, I find it difficult to remember, and do not really have the will to do so since I spend an undue amount of my time online. With the advent of data plans, one is online all the time on his phone. However, not everyone has the patience to browse on the relatively small screens offered by phones. This is where PdaNet comes in. With PdaNet, it is easy to connect your laptop to the Internet using your phone the moment you can get service. This works especially well with MTN’s 3GB 30 day plan.

Some people like me hate touch screen keyboards. I have always preferred to have that QWERTY feel under my thumb, but unfortunately, manufacturers think differently, and given current trends, the keyboard on phones would soon be a thing of the past. Swype is a software that makes typing on a touchscreen easier. Swype allows the user to enter a word by sliding your finger (or stylus) from letter to letter, lifting only between words. By the time you get used to it, you will almost stop missing that keyboard.

A programme that I really don’t want to mention, but one that I live on, is Facebook. Yes, people, my name is Cheta and I am a Facebook junkie. Many Nigerians are increasingly spending their time on Facebook, including our President, so why should I be ashamed of being an addict? Android’s Facebook app allows you to interact with your Facebook page quite easily. The only thing you will miss are those applications like Mafia Wars. Just try as much as possible not to use this app when you are at dinner with the better half; you might find yourself in the doghouse sooner rather than later.

Then there is my girl’s favourite, Aldiko. She reads books a lot, and this one is her top preference. It is an e-book reader, which supports the industry standard EPUB format, and also includes a facility for browsing online catalogues and downloading books. Aldiko also allows you to import your own books into your Android device and read them on the go. I am currently reading ‘Things Fall Apart’ and really enjoying it. Can someone hook me up with ‘The Passport of Mallam Ilia’?

Other programmess that I find particularly useful are Office Suite Pro, which allows me read my Microsoft documents and PDFs on my Android phone; Google Maps, which let me find my way around strange places. It is actually getting better in Nigeria, Lagos, Port Harcourt, and Abuja as they are quite well mapped. Photoshop Mobile does an excellent job of editing pictures that you have taken on the move before sharing them with friends. Shazam (thanks, Peter Ikenebomeh) is an excellent programme that identifies songs when you hear them. I was pleasantly surprised when it correctly identified Bongos Ikwue’s ‘Cock Crow at Dawn’.

Note that this list is not even nearly exhaustive. There are a lot of other great apps for you to chose from. So tell me, what Android apps make your life easier?