Nigeria Content Online

Company complan’s pipelines vandalism

The Pipelines and
Products Marketing Company (PPMC), has raised an alarm over the
increased activities of vandals on its pipe lines in Cross River.

Alex Oghogho,
Acting Depot Manager at the NNPC Depot in Calabar, made the disclosure
on Wednesday in Calabar when media professionals visited the depot.

He said the depot
had lost many pipelines in the state through the activities of vandals,
assuring members of the public of steady supply of petroleum products
in the state.

According to him,
mobile police men and other security agents have been drafted to the
depot to secure the five kilometres pipe line. He appealed to members
of the public to assist the company in protecting the pipe lines
against vandals in the interest of Nigerians at large.

Money

Tourism Minister urges Arts Council to generate revenue

Tourism Minister urges Arts Council to generate revenue

Abubakar Mohammed,
Minister of Tourism, Culture and National Orientation, on Wednesday
urged the National Council for Arts and Culture (NCAC) to engage in
activities that could generate revenue. The minister, who gave the
charge in Abuja while on an official visit to the council, urged the
management to evolve self sustaining festivals.

“If you explore
festivals and expositions that can generate funds for the council, it
will assist you in accomplishing your mandate. The legal unit of the
ministry is looking into the laws establishing parastatals and agencies
that are under the ministry for proper review of the laws,’’ he said.

Money

Niger food crisis worse than 2005, say UN

Niger food crisis worse than 2005, say UN

Niger’s food crisis
is already worse than the last emergency in 2005 but the West African
nation is better prepared to face it, in part due to better government
cooperation, the U.N. aid chief said.

John Holmes was
speaking on Wednesday at the end of a trip to uranium-producing Niger,
where at least 7.8 million people, or nearly 60 percent of the
population, will be threatened with severe food shortages this year.

“My impression is
that (the food crisis) is worse but the good thing is that the alarm is
sounded earlier and we are better prepared than in 2005,” Mr. Holmes
told Reuters.

In 2005, President
Mamadou Tandja played down the significance of the crisis until media
reporting on the scale of the hunger made his position untenable.

Money

Use Information Technology to improve our everyday life

Use Information Technology to improve our everyday life

“The number one
benefit of information technology is that it empowers people to do what
they want to do. It lets people be creative. It lets people be
productive. It lets people learn things they didn’t think they could
learn before, and so in a sense it is all about potential” – Steve
Ballmer (Microsoft Plc)

“Information
technology and business are becoming inextricably interwoven. I don’t
think anybody can talk meaningfully about one without the talking about
the other” – Bill Gates (Microsoft Plc).

Let us analyse both
quotes above from two individuals who have contributed immensely to the
current information technology revolution in our time.

With the advent of
the personal computer, smart phones (including blackberry phones) and
the internet especially; the way we work, study, communicate,
collaborate, and even the way we live over the last 20 years has
witnessed a metamorphosis of incredible dimensions or magnitude.

Information technology strategy

As a matter of
urgency, It is very crucial that developing countries such as Nigeria
clearly invest in creating and implementing an effective information
technology strategy that would cover the following;

>>Provide ICT
centres equipped with computers that have high speed internet
connectivity across all primary, post primary and all tertiary
institutions across the country.

>> There must be at least one computer system in use for every 7 pupils or students.

>> Implement a basic computer literacy curriculum across the whole educational system.

>> Provide suitable scholarships to individuals who excel in the area of ICT across primary and post primary institutions.

>> Provide
exchange programmes that will allow deserving students and pupils in
Nigeria to visit other countries and gain further knowledge.

>> At
University level, specifically for computer science and IT
undergraduates seek to revamp their existing curriculum to provide them
with better hands on experience.

>> Provide
ICT training centres which will provide free of charge (or at
discounted rates) to civil servants, business owners and other private
sector workers specific training to cover basic computer literacy in
Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Microsoft Project etc

>> Make
available discounted computer systems for individuals to purchase and
pay for it in instalments from their salaries or regular income.

Investing in
producing a more computer literate workforce is absolutely crucial and
will assist in raising productivity, efficiency, provide better for
value for money in the products and services available to us as a
society.

Partnership

The government
should work in partnership with Internet Service Providers (ISP’s),
provide them with incentives (implementing the relevant policies) to
encourage and assist them in providing fast, cheap and reliable
internet access to the public.

In addition the
state needs to own and run its own ISP as an efficient concern to
further assist in providing the required competition.

This might all seem
like a long shopping list but we can certainly afford it based on our
sizeable oil revenue over the years and it is very crucial indeed, if
we are to partake and not be left behind in the current geometric
progression of information technology.

We need to equip
our society with the basic computer literacy skills to ensure that even
the electronics dealer in Alaba Market (Lagos) or the recharge card
seller in Uyo (Akwa Ibom State) has basic skills to capture their
profit and loss or their daily sales or stock inventory in a simple
spreadsheet.

In capturing such
data even on a small scale as advocated, buying patterns and trends can
easily be established assisting such Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
(SME), in providing a more competitive, effective, and responsive
service to their customers which will make for an all round better
consumer experience.

Information
technology can enhance our everyday life experiences; from ensuring
that a complete comprehensive health record of every individual is held
electronically and is easily retrievable when required, to being able
to track and audit products that we purchase on a daily basis
(especially when the product malfunctions or there is a need to recall
such a product for whatever reason) and the list goes on and on.

We must seek to use
information technology to improve our standard of living as a whole, as
an aid to education, better healthcare, in the provision of goods and
services in general. We must use IT to improve all aspects of our daily
life and fully automate processes in our society to include vehicle
registration/licensing, personal and investment banking, personal
identification & validation, computerised land registration,
provision of utility services, implement directional – navigational GPS
systems and even in entertainment etc.

In a nutshell we can use IT to improve our everyday lives and ultimately assist in raising our overall life expectancy etc.

As Nicholas
Negroponte (a professor at MIT – founder of the one Laptop per child
scheme) rightly puts it “Computing is not about computers any more; It
is about living”.

The writer is an international IT and Business Process Consultant.

Money

Nigerian Content Law to save N2.7tr. annually

Nigerian Content Law to save N2.7tr. annually

The
federal government anticipates an average of $18billion (about
N2.7trillion) as savings from its total annual budget for the nation’s
oil and gas industry as a result of the Nigerian Content Law.

At
the formal unveiling of the new law to industry operators yesterday in
Abuja, Dieziani Alison-Madueke, Minister of Petroleum Resources, said,
coming more than 50 years since the commencement of oil and gas
operations in the country, the law will serve as “major enabler for
building the relevant capacities that will guarantee the long survival
of the industry”.

The
Nigerian Content Act was initiated in February 2005 to give legal teeth
to government’s aspiration to ensure that about 70 percent of the
nation’s oil and gas operations are domiciled in-country, to boost the
sector’s contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP).

Mrs.
Madueke, who described the Act as a “significant milestone”, said all
operators and service companies in the industry are henceforth required
to comply with the designated scope of work performance spelt out in
the law signed last week by Acting President Goodluck Jonathan.

Scope of work

The
work scope spells out about 23 domiciliation guidelines covering
engineering design, fabrication and construction as well as material
and procurement services to be provided by local firms to facilitate
the achievement of government’s target of 70 percent of local content
by 2010.

Besides,
the Act guarantees access to prospective foreign investors in the
industry; provides privileges for indigenous companies as well as
creates employment and training opportunities for Nigerians.

Acknowledging
similar requirements in other oil producing nations like Brazil,
Venezuela, Kazakhstan, Qatar, Malaysia, Indonesia and Norway, which
have local content development models, the minister said this will give
special attention to indigenous participation in the industry,
facilitate technology transfer and drive linkages to other sectors of
the national economic development.

“In
the past, to address local content, over 90 percent of all goods and
services used in the industry were actually imported from overseas,”
she said, pointing out that despite government’s continuous investments
of resources, the impact from the industry on the wellbeing of the
people is still not at par with international benchmarks.

Implementation

Mrs.
Alison-Madueke noted that the implementation of the Act, will be a
major investment opportunity for local and international investors that
will benefit from the commercial incentives it guarantees.

“It
will certainly create employment for our teeming youths in the Niger
Delta and other parts of the country as well as set the template for
expanding the concept into other sectors of the economy,” she said,
adding that the unveiling of the new law, marks the formal kick off of
the new implementation framework, beginning with the creation of a
Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board (NCDMB) charged with
the responsibility of regulation of all Nigerian Content activities.

Ernest
Nwapa, the Group General Manager, Nigerian Content Division of the
Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), was appointed the
acting executive secretary of the board.

Responding,
Mr. Nwapa acknowledged the tremendous progress recorded since 2003 in
government’s effort to promote local content in the industry through
collaboration approach of domiciliation, saying that if government does
not sustain the momentum in the pursuit of the policy, it risks going
back to the pre-2003 era.

He
said that prior to the introduction of the policy, the industry was
faced with the challenge of low capacity, resulting in the importation
of virtually all goods and services used by the operators, saying that
currently the country accounts for 35 percent.

The target

“The
target is to quickly focus on those capacity-enhancing issues that have
kept us from making the gigantic strides necessary to achieve the 70
percent target by government,” he said. “We need to focus on the
development of the nation’s shipyards, heavy industries, pipelines,
equipment manufacturing, local service training institutes, vessel
ownership, research and development to attract international service
companies to set up and do business in-country.”

Also
speaking, Shehu Ladan, NNPC’s Group Managing Director, said with the
new law, which defines and delineates the role and responsibilities of
institutions Nigerian Content Board, the corporation is committed to
operating like other oil companies, with a focus on the integration of
the law into its corporate business and operational strategy.

Money

Vanguard reporter alleges threat to life

Vanguard reporter alleges threat to life

Barely
three days after the murder of The Nation’s judicial correspondent, Edo
Egbagwu, the Edo State Correspondent of Vanguard Newspaper, Simon
Ebegbulem, on Monday night narrowly escaped death as he rammed his car
into the gate of a building while trying to escape from a car he said
was trailing him.

The bonnet of the Honda car was badly
damaged and Mr. Ebegbulem sustained head injuries. He is expected to
undergo scanning yesterday evening to check the extent of injuries to
his head.

Police was already informed of the incident and they have promised to investigate the matter.

The injured reporter said as soon as he left his office, along Arousa,

at about 8.30 pm on Monday, he noticed
a vehicle trailing him right from Sapele Road down to Adesuwa in GRA
and then to Ugbor Road where he lives.

“I noticed the vehicle behind me
immediately I left my office,” Mr. Ebegbulem said. “Initially, I
thought it was just any other vehicle on the road. But I became curious
when I noticed that the same vehicle was behind me through to Sapele
Road, down to Adesuwa and all the other routes I took to cut off the
bad spots and when I came out at Ugbor Road, I noticed the vehicle was
still trailing me.

I doubled my speed and quickly entered
Patrick Ehimen as a decoy and, in the process, I lost control and hit
the gate of the building and the impact on the car forced the car to
reverse itself to where I was coming from. But for the airbags, because
I noticed something like foam pushed me back to my seat when I hit the
gate, I would have sustained more injuries. I was treated and
discharged later that night. But I have to go back today for x-ray to
know the extent of injury on my head”.

The development has created fears in
the minds of many journalists covering the politically volatile state,
as many expressed fear for their jobs and lives.

Governor mourns journalist’s death

Meanwhile, the state governor, Adams
Oshiomhole has commiserated with the Nation newspapers over the murder
of Mr. Ugbagwu. Mr Oshiomhole described the killing as very
unfortunate; “I commiserate with you on the gruesome murder of one of
your reporters by yet-to-be-identified killers,” he said. ”This is a
painful death, going by the report that he was a hardworking and
experienced judiciary reporter with your organization. This latest
killing is however one too many, as Nigerians are yet to recover from
recent similar killings of Godwin Agbroko and Abayomi Adedeji of
Thisday Newspapers and Bayo Ohu of The Guardian.

“Ugbagwu’s murder is not one that
should be swept under the carpet as inaction by the security agencies
will send a wrong signal to the killers that they can always snuff the
life out of innocent Nigerians and get away with the evil act.
Nigerians should rise as one to condemn this dangerous trend where
journalists who have a dissenting voice are silenced.” Also opposition
party, the Action Congress (AC) has expressed concerns over rising
killing of journalists in the country, following Mr. Ugbagwu’s murder
as well as two others in Jos – Sunday Bwede and Natan Dabak over the
weekend.

The party via its National Publicity
Secretary, Lai Mohammed called on the security agencies to move quickly
to unravel the killings saying “it was particularly alarmed at the
shooting dead of Ugbagwu,

which followed the same pattern as the
killing of Bayo Ohu of the Guardian last year, Abayomi Ogundeji of
Thisday in 2008 and Godwin Agbroko also of Thisday before them.” The
party expressed the hope that the journalists are being targeted
because of their profession, saying such could in turn stifle the
nation’s democracy.

“The challenge, therefore, for the
security agencies is not just to find the killers and bring them to
book, but to investigate if the murders have anything to do with the
fact that the victims are media practitioners. This is important to
reassure Nigerians that members of the Fourth Estate can perform their
constitutionally-guaranteed duties without fear,” Mr. Mohammed said.

The Party said the overall implication of the rising wave of murder,
in the country is that the security situation in Nigeria is worsening
and therefore reiterated its call for a decentralized police force,
claiming the police, as presently constituted can no longer ensure the
security of lives and property.

Police prepare for 2011 elections

Police prepare for 2011 elections

Aware of the
challenges of election monitoring, the Inspector General of Police,
Ogbonna Onovo, has directed the Assistant Inspectors General of Police
(AIGs) and Commissioners of Police (CPs) manning all the respective
zones and state commands across the nation to start preparing their men
for the next general elections.

Deputy Inspector
General of Police in charge of ‘D’ (Investigations) Department, Israel
Ajao, disclosed this yesterday in Ibadan, during a working visit to
Zone 11 of the force. He said Mr Onovo’s order was designed to make the
men of the Nigeria Police well prepared in order to play their role
more effectively in the coming elections.

Mr. Ajao said
special trainings are going on in all commands across the country to
properly ground policemen on what are expected of them when they are
assigned to monitor elections.

“We want our men to
know what to do and what not to do during elections. That is why the IG
has directed all the AIGs and CPs to start the special training for the
men, so that we will get things right this time,” he said.

The police boss
also revealed that the array of commendations coming the way of the
Nigerian Police in respect of the conduct their men in the last two
elections in Anambra and Abuja confirmed that the police can discharge
its duties during elections effectively.

Speaking on crime
fighting, which is the core of policing, Mr. Ajao said the IG has
ordered that the police start employing the old beat system to reduce
crime to the barest level in the country.

The system demands
from the DPOs good understanding of the environment where they operate,
as well as friendly rapport with the residents to the extent that
useful information that could lead to foiling of crime at planning
stages are regularly available to the police.

Though, he agreed
that many of the crimes committed in the urban centres are often
executed with sophisticated weapons, Mr. Ajao confirmed that the beat
system remains the most effective means of fighting crime in most of
the police divisions in the country.

According to him,
the system will make the police more proactive as they would not be
waiting for crimes to be committed before acting.

Back to the beats

“The police should
be proactive,” said Mr. Ajao. “We should not be waiting till crimes are
committed before we act. The DPOs need to be friendly with members of
their communities to be able to get information that would be useful in
foiling crimes. The DPOs should be our eyes and ears in the communities
where they operate.

He also informed
that the police will not take things easy for any vigilante group who
operates without the knowledge of the police as this brings more
problems than solution to crime fighting.

Mr. Ajao said the
DPOs have been directed to register all vigilante groups in their
areas, including information about members of the groups.

Commenting on
recent attacks on police stations, the police boss said the IG has
directed that security be beefed up at all stations and police barracks
across the country to forestall possible attack from members of the
public.

“A situation where
people will attack police stations and cart away our arms is no more
acceptable to us,” he said. “If this continues to happen, we are
sending wrong signals to the public. If we cannot protect our stations
and barrack, how do we protect them?”

In order to arrest
the situation, Mr. Ajao said the IG has directed that special security
be provided for police stations, divisions and barracks to ward off
invasion from disgruntled elements.

Cowardly officers

Although the police
is desirous of having well educated men within its fold, the DIG hinted
that the institution has stopped unofficial schooling by its men.

“The police would
expect whoever wants to go back to school to apply properly and secure
approval before going,” he said, adding that the arrangement would give
the police the privilege of knowing officers that were on duty..

He said such record
will allow the institution to maximize the use of its scanty manpower,
which is said to be affecting its operation currently.

Instructing the
DPOs to reduce number of policemen in their administrative sections,
Mr. Ajao noted that majority of policemen carrying files at police
stations could be trained to combat crime in the society.

He also announced
the police leadership’s renewed zero tolerance to acts of cowardice,
saying but for the cowardice of some members of the Ogun State police
command, the area commander killed during last year’s crisis in
Ijebu-Ife would not have suffered the fate.

Baba Adisa Bolanta,
Oyo Command’s Commissioner of Police, said the command has embarked on
training of its men, especially in the area of weapons handling to
avoid cases of accidental discharge.

Mr Ajao was accompanied by Mohammed Yesufu, AIG of Zone 11, comprising Oyo, Osun and Ondo States police commands.

Navy seeks control of arms proliferation in delta

Navy seeks control of arms proliferation in delta

The
federal government’s post amnesty programme could only achieve
meaningful result if activities of oil theft and proliferation of arms
are reduced to the barest minimum on our waterways, the Flag Officer
Commanding, Western Naval Command, Ola Ibrahim said yesterday in Akure.

Mr. Ibrahim, who
led a team of Naval Chiefs on inspection of ships in formations under
his command to pay a courtesy visit to the Ondo State Governor,
Olusegun Mimiko, said all hands must be on deck to checkmate
proliferation of illegal arms to coastal communities.

“There is direct
relationship between oil theft and small arms proliferation. This is a
big problem which had resulted in loss of materials and men by the
Western Naval Command. However with the appropriate protection of the
water ways and economic activities taking place there, the country will
be better for it,” he said. “We must all rise up to make sure that the
post amnesty programme is successful by checkmating illegal
transporting of arms to the riverine communities which is being used by
militants as their base” He stressed further that the Nigerian Navy was
ready to work hand in hand with the state government to make the
waterways in the state crime free.

Mr. Ibrahim said
the conception of the Forward Operations Base is essentially to shorten
reaction time within crisis period in the area of operations, stressing
that the base is part of infrastructure that must bring about the
quality of service the Nigerian Navy renders for national development.

Mr. Mimiko charged
the Nigerian Navy to consolidate on the gains of the Federal Government
Amnesty Programme in 2009 by making the Niger Delta Waterways free of
criminal activities.

Ondo Naval Base

He said the presence of the Forward Operations Base (FOB) at Igbokoda,

in the oil-rich
Ilaje Local Government area of the state, was appreciated by the state
government as an additional means of securing lives and property in the
area.

“The establishment
of FOB will also serve as a deterrent to would-be criminals in our
waterways,” he said. “It will no doubt have positive effects on
securing the strategic oil and gas business in the Niger Delta region.

“The situation is much better now, but I think you are prepared to
confront any eventuality. The Amnesty Programme of President Musa
Yar’Adua administration has reduced illegal bunkering and economic
sabotage in the Niger Delta.”

Ogun orders community to elect king in 21 days

Ogun orders community to elect king in 21 days

Apparently
fed up with the protracted tussle between members of the ruling family
in Ilaro town, over the selection of a new traditional ruler for the
town, the Ogun state government yesterday announced a 21-day ultimatum
for the families to agree on a choice of monarch, or forfeit the
opportunity.

The position of
government was made known by Tunde Alabi, the state’s commissioner for
Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs, during a meeting with members
of the Asade-Agunloye ruling house in Abeokuta.

The commissioner
said that if the ruling house failed to put their house in order so
that government could install the new Olu of Ilaro and ruler of
Yewaland within the next 21 days, the state government would be forced
to choose a monarch from the next ruling house.

Mr. Alabi also
advised members of the Asade-Agunloye ruling house, made up of the Dada
Ibiyemi and Olusoji Olugbenle families, who are divided over the
kingship to unite and equally withdraw cases related to the suit from
court.

“The position of
the state government is that the two ruling houses involved in this
case should come together as one in order to have a monarch in Ilaro,”.

The Permanent
Secretary, Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs,
Babajide Oyeti, said the state governor, Gbenga Daniel, was not happy
about the case and had instructed state officials to mediate in the
impasse.

Jas Oyekan, who is
the regent-in-council, said it is the turn of the Asade -Agunloye
ruling house to produce the Olu of Ilaro, but they have not been able
to agree on a candidate.

Mr. Oyekan
expressed dismay that some of the indigenes of the town, including the
two feuding families, have accused him of nursing ambition of becoming
the next traditional ruler, which he said is not possible.

“The problem is
much on my neck and there is nobody that can talk on behalf of Yewa
except the paramount ruler which we refused to produce, I want peace in
Ilaro. It is the ruling house that does not want peace,” he said.

Chairman of the
Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN),Ilaro, Solomon Olagunade, also
appealed to the two families to be patient. He said this was the first
time the kingship tussle was taken to the courts.

Tajudeen Adewunmi,
Chief Imam of the town, also advised that the two families be patient
and endeavour to come together as one so that peace will reign.

One family

Adesola Shobayo,
the Director ofCivil Litigation and Advisory Services, Ministry of
Justice, also called on the families to withdraw the case from court
and settle it amicably.

“If, after this
meeting, they refused [sic] to produce Oba elect, we will advice the
government to go to the next ruling house,” he said. “They can’t
continue to hold us back. Our position is to advice the government.”

Spokesperson for
the Dada Ibiyemi family, Haruna Dada, said they decided to take the
case to court when they realized that the Olusoji Olugbenle family
wanted to cheat them. He gave his assurances that the case would be
withdrawn from court once they received clear agreement from the Asade
Agunloye house that they are one family.

“Before we took the case to court, we wrote to the state Governor,
the Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs and the Ilaro
Elders’ Council but there was no response from all of them,” he said.
“The way forward is that it is the turn of the Dada Ibiyemi to produce
the Olu of Ilaro. Let them agree that we belong to the same ruling
house, we are one family.”

Nigerian Eagle Airlines to unveil third name change next week

Nigerian Eagle Airlines to unveil third name change next week

Jimoh Ibrahim, the
current chairman of Nigerian Eagle Airlines (former Virgin Nigeria
Airways), on Wednesday in Lagos disclosed that his company will next
week announce a new brand name for the carrier.

Mr.Ibrahim, who is
also the chairman of the NICON group, the company that bought over the
country’s flag carrier last week, disclosed that the airline is
technically fit but financially sick, adding that there is going to be
structural changes in the company to stabilize its operations.

“There will be a
name change and the name will reflect the image of our nation and by
next week latest I am going to brief the media on the new name,” he
said. “If I buy any foreign company, I change the name to reflect
Nigeria even if Virgin gives me their name for free of charge I will
change the name.”

Virgin Nigeria was
launched in the country, amidst fanfare, in 2005.Last year, the company
changed its name to Nigerian Eagle Airlines after cutting ties with its
founder – Virgin Atlantic Limited.

Prior to the name
change on September 17, last year, British billionaire and chairman of
Virgin Atlantic disclosed that the founding company of Virgin Nigeria
was looking forward to selling its 49 per cent stake in the carrier,
for which it did pay a sum of about $25m in 2005.

The new owners,
NICON group, disclosed that the airline’s fleet would be increased to
seven aircraft, which are expected to focus on domestic routes and
regional routes, stressing that the number will be increased to 17 in
the future to expand the suspended long haul operations.

New strategy

Mr. Ibrahim
disclosed plans of enlisting the carrier in the stock exchange under
its new name, adding that the current company has no issues with the
parent and founding carrier, Virgin Atlantic.

“My immediate plan
is to stabilize the airline with at least seven aircraft which we are
going to achieve shortly,” he said. “The plans include expansion of its
fleet to seven to capture the local market, regional routes and later
the international networks.”

Reacting to critics
who have questioned his ability to successfully manage the airline,
following the fortunes of defunct EAS airline that was later taken over
by his company, Mr. Ibrahim assured that there is no reason to worry.

“There is no fear
any where, if people have fears, it a self created fear, if I want to
mention people who successfully run any company in Nigeria, it is our
company because one of the greatest areas where people have respect in
us is the ability to turn around any company,” he said.

On fears that the new company might retrench some its workforce, the chairman disclosed that there are no plans to sack workers.

“Each aircraft requires a number of people that will service it,” he
said. “We are strategizing and turning round the airline, why should we
sack any worker? But if you are a fraudulent staff, you better start
running while the dedicated ones should expect their promotion.”