Archive for nigeriang

Party demands thorough investigation of Abuja bombing

Party demands thorough investigation of Abuja bombing

The Action Congress
of Nigeria (ACN) has advised President Goodluck Jonathan not to jump to
conclusions over Friday’s bomb attacks in Abuja, demanding that
investigators must be allowed to do a thorough job so they can fish out
the culprits.

This is coming just
as the Lagos State House of Assembly passed a resolution on Monday
demanding the apprehension of the perpetrators of the bomb explosion in
Abuja that almost marred the nation’s 50th Independence celebrations and
claimed about 10 lives.

The resolution,
passed by the lawmakers after deliberating on the event under matters of
urgent public importance, argued that many criminal acts have been
perpetrated in Nigeria with impunity and it is becoming a norm.

ACN’s national
publicity secretary, Lai Mohammed, in a statement, warned that “hasty
conclusions, like the one in which the President said the attacks were
not perpetrated by MEND but by a small group of terrorists outside
Nigeria, is capable of hindering investigations.

“This reminds us of
what the then President Olusegun Obasanjo said when Alfred Dikibo was
murdered on February 6th, 2004, that armed robbers killed the PDP
stalwart, even when no investigation had yet been conducted into the
murder! Such statements from highly-placed personalities as the
president are diversionary and have a way of prejudicing
investigations.”

The party also
expressed the hope that the federal government would not capitalise on
the bomb attacks to target the opposition, especially in view of the
kind of the strong rhetoric emanating from the presidency.

It said there is no
doubt that Nigerians were unanimous in condemning the killing of
innocent people for whatever reason, “and we join them in condemning in
the strongest possible terms the senseless killings in Abuja on October
1st. Nothing in the world can justify the mindless shedding of innocent
blood,” the ACN statement read.

The party, however,
expressed concern at the complacency of the country’s security agencies
which, despite admitting being alerted by foreign intelligence agencies
and with a prior warning from MEND, still failed to prevent the
explosions that spoilt the country’s 50th independence anniversary
celebrations.

Expressing worry
over the nation’s poor security, the party wondered that “if they
(security agencies) cannot ensure the protection of lives and property
now, what assurance is there that they can do so during the 2011 general
elections and help provide a conducive atmosphere for the conduct of a
free, fair, and credible elections?

“While it is
reassuring that the president has promised to overhaul the security
system, we must warn that overhauling the system does not necessarily
mean engaging in cosmetic changes like the recent change of guards in
the military, the police, and the SSS. It must involve issues of
training, equipment, and conducive work environment, among others,” it
said.

The lawmakers advised the federal government to enhance its security
systems and also called on Nigerians to condemn the incident and demand
nothing short of a thorough investigation that will yield a logical
conclusion.

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Court clears Adamu, Maigari, others of contempt charge

Court clears Adamu, Maigari, others of contempt charge

Justice Okon Abang
of the Federal High Court Ikoyi, Lagos, yesterday discharged and
acquitted Amos Adamu, FIFA and CAF executive committee member alongside
ousted President of the Nigerian Football Federation (NFF), Aminu
Maigari and twenty seven officials of the NFF alleged to have defied an
order of the court restraining them from conducting elections into the
board of the federation.

The judge discharged the accused on the grounds that they were not properly served the orders of the court.

Mr. Abang explained
that though the court recognized that the NFF officials and members of
the Electoral Commission disobeyed the court, the conditions before
committal proceedings can be filed were not met by counsel to the
National Association of Nigerian Footballers (NANF), Aideloje Bello.

Meanwhile, the court
has fixed October 25, 2010 for hearing of the notice of preliminary
objection in the main suit which was pending before it.

NANF’s grudge

The association had
filed the suit against the football governing body and others, alleging
that the process of the election was perfected without recourse to its
members contrary to the clear wordings of FIFA statute and other extant
laws relating to football administration in Nigeria.

Joined as
co-defendants in the suit are NFF’s sacked president, Aminu Maigari;
President of the Nigerian Premier League (NPL) Board, Davidson Owumi;
the Minister of Sports, Ibrahim Isa Bio; Director General of Sports in
the Federal Sports Ministry; Patrick Ekeji and NFF’s electoral committee
chairman, Uthman Mustapha.

Mr. Abang had
earlier on held that it would be improper to allow the elections to take
place when there was a pending motion before them court. Specifically,
the court ordered parties to maintain status quo (ante bellum) pending
the determination of NANF’s motion.

The court had been
petitioned by NANF to restrain the newly elected body of the NFF from
assuming office because there had been a pending motion before a court
seeking to restrain the conduct of the elections that brought them into
office. All the parties were ordered to maintain the status quo until
the determination of the suit.

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Azazi is new national security adviser

Azazi is new national security adviser

A former chief of defence staff and retired general, Andrew Azazi, has been appointed as the new National Security Adviser.

Mr. Azazi replaces
Mohammed Aliyu Gusau who resigned his position last month to contest the
2011 presidential elections. He takes over from Kayode Are, a retired
colonel who had held the post in acting capacity after Mr. Gusau’s exit.

In a statement
yesterday, the spokesperson to President Goodluck Jonathan, Ima Niboro,
said the appointment is with immediate effect.

Rich military career

The spokesperson said Mr. Azazi joins the present “administration from a rich and illustrious career in the military”.

Mr. Azazi was the
chief of army staff and later chief of defence staff under the late
President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua’s administration.

The new presidential
aide, who hails from Bayelsa State as the President, was commissioned
into the Nigeria Army as an intelligence officer and rose to the
position of Director of military intelligence, DMI, from where he was
appointed General Officer Commanding, GOC 1 Infantry Division before
becoming chief of army staff. He retired from service on August 28,
2008.

According to the
spokesperson, Mr. Jonathan thanked the outgoing acting NSA, Mr. Are, a
former director-general of the State Security Services, SSS under the
Olusegun Obasanjo administration for his services.

The appointment of
Mr. Azazi as new chief security adviser is coming a few days after a
twin bomb exploded in Abuja during activities marking the country’s 50th
anniversary celebrations. The Movement for the Emancipation of the
Niger Delta (MEND) had claimed responsibility for the bombings. However,
Mr. Jonathan blamed the attacks on a foreign terror group with local
backings.

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Report accuses Big Tobacco of blocking treaty

Report accuses Big Tobacco of blocking treaty

Tobacco industry watchdog, Corporate Accountability
International, and its allies, on Monday, released a report documenting
widespread tobacco industry interference in the implementation of the
global tobacco treaty (formally known as the World Health Organisation
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control).

The report’s release kicks off a string of grassroots
actions in dozens of countries leading up to November’s treaty meeting
in Punta del Este, Uruguay. At stake are nearly 200 million lives – the
number of lives the World Health Organisation projects would be spared
by 2050 if the treaty takes full effect – and the tobacco industry
interference remains the single greatest obstacle to this objective.
During this year’s 10th International Week of Resistance to Tobacco
Transnationals, which began on Monday, the anti-tobacco groups say that
their actions will expose industry obstructionism in countries around
the globe which they hope would build momentum going into the November
meeting.

Showing solidarity

The Week is also an opportunity for the global
community to speak out in solidarity with Uruguay; Philip Morris
International is suing Uruguay for implementing a treaty provision
requiring stronger cigarette pack health warning labels. “Big Tobacco
first tried to bully the global community out of advancing this treaty.
Now it’s attempting to bully countries out of enforcing it,” said Gigi
Kellett, the Director of Corporate Accountability International’s
campaign Challenging Big Tobacco. “Still, our findings indicate that the
industry’s resolve to defy the law is matched only by civil society’s
resolve to end industry intimidation,” he said.

The report cited some of the tactics used by the
tobacco industry to undermine treaty implementation to include the
donation of $200 million to the Columbian government by Philip Morris
International following the adoption of treaty implementation
legislation to “address areas of mutual interest;” the appointment of a
former British American Tobacco executive, Kenneth Clarke, as Justice
Minister – he would oversee a recent lawsuit by BAT and its competitors
against a new law cracking down on tobacco product displays; and
engaging in a string of lawsuits regarding tobacco product displays,
packaging, and health warning labels from Australia and the Philippines
to Norway. All of these tactics, the groups say, are in direct defiance
of the treaty, specifically its Article 5.3, which deems such industry
interference to be in fundamental conflict with the treaty’s public
health aims.

Slow progress

The report also finds that Article 5.3 is being used
to great effect globally to insulate the treaty’s implementation against
the tobacco industry. Action ranges from Mauritius becoming the first
country to ban all tobacco industry “corporate social responsibility”
schemes to Panama’s prohibiting government agencies and officials from
accepting tobacco industry contributions. “Those countries, large and
small, that refuse to be intimidated, are emboldening others to follow
their lead,” said Philip Jakpor, spokesperson for Environmental Rights
Action in Nigeria and the Network for Accountability of Tobacco
Transnationals (NATT).

“The success of the November treaty meeting will be
measured by the number of Parties that return to their countries with a
plan to root out industry interference. Millions of lives are on the
line,” Mr Jakpor said. In Nigeria, the Senate Committee on Health held a
Public Hearing on the Tobacco Control Bill in July last year and the
bill is still awaiting passage into law at senate’s plenary. Each year,
tobacco kills more than five million people and 80 percent of those
deaths are in low-income countries, where treaty implementation
represents some of the first efforts at tobacco control.

One hundred and seventy-one countries have ratified the global
tobacco treaty since its entry into force in 2005. Today, the treaty
protects more than 87 percent of the world’s population.

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Jonathan asks former minister to apologise to Nigerians

Jonathan asks former minister to apologise to Nigerians

President Goodluck Jonathan yesterday
asked Babatunde Fafunwa, former minister of education, to apologise to
Nigerians over the failure of the 6-3-3-4 system of education.

Speaking during an interactive session
at the opening of the Presidential Stakeholder’s Summit, at the
Transcorp Hilton, Abuja, he said the system has failed to provide the
solutions to the Nigerian educational system.

From Mr. Jonathan’s position, there are
strong indications that the Presidential Summit may recommend reverting
the educational system in the country to what it used to be.

Self reliant youth

The 6-3-3-4 system of education came
into being in 1983 with the primary focus of meeting the educational
needs of its citizenry and equipping the youth with skills that will
make them self reliant.

Twenty-five years after, a new
educational system called the Universal Basic Education (UBE), otherwise
known as the 9-3-4, has been re-introduced, whose curriculum is
expected to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2020.

Florence Fabian, a participant at the
event, said the problems associated with education are not only peculiar
to education alone, but a general problem that affects the Nigerian
society, which can only be solved with good leadership.

She rhetorically asked if the president
was prepared to provide the required leadership that will transform the
system, since this was the solution the educational system needed.

Contributing to the debate, Ovie
Emmanuel Sideso Abe, corroborated Ms. Fabian’s view and urged President
Jonathan to do something different in moving education out of the
doldrums.

A traditional ruler, who spoke on the
need to “de-politicise education so that proper quality education is
handed down to Nigerians,” also dwelt on the need for comprehensive data
collection and quality access and equity in education, saying that this
may go a long way in improving Nigeria’s education system.

He called for a joint funding of
education and streamlined quality of education, suggesting that this was
one of the ways of repositioning education in Nigeria.

Faruk Lawan, chairman, house committee
on education, also supported joint funding, and went ahead to advocate
parental contributions, lamenting that the value of education and the
curriculum that is taught in higher institutions have become irrelevant
to the overall needs of the country.

The lawmaker discussed the issue of corruption in the education sector and called for accountability in the system.

Julius Okojie, the executive secretary,
National Universities Commission (NUC), spoke on the low quality of
entrance into universities, and the need for strict regulations.

Mr. Okojie said morality on the part of
higher education administrators is very important, stating that without
“morality there can’t be standard in the system.”

He further spoke on the quality of
lectures in the different institutions, and noted that “no system in the
world can develop when those doing the teaching are not qualified.”

Pitfalls of education

Dibu Ojerinde, JAMB executive secretary,
spoke on the factors militating against education in Nigeria,
especially the issue of space availability, discrimination in course
choices, and the quality of teachers, stating that “if these issues
aren’t resolved, education cannot move forward.”

He also spoke on the inconsistent
academic calendars and the years of graduation, and said “government
must do something to regularise it.”

Mr. Ojerinde further lamented the level
of examination malpractices in the education system and noted that
adequate punishment must be meted to culprits. He further attributed the
mass failure in the school system to lack of adequate teaching and
teaching infrastructure, adding that most teachers do not cover the
syllabus.

“It is difficult to curtail exam
malpractices when they can giraffe in open halls. If exams are well
conducted, we will get the best results,” he said.

He added that public exams bodies, like
WASEC and NECO, which are the gate keepers, would have the best results
if the right things are done.

Addison Wokocha, registrar, Teachers
Registration Council of Nigeria (TRCN), blamed teachers at all the tiers
of education, as been responsible for the poor education foundation in
the country.

He lamented that state governments do
not employ qualified teachers to teach in the respective state schools
and noted that in most cases, the state governments resort to deploying
members of the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) to teach in state
schools, even when they are not qualified to teach.

The TRCN scribe further said they have
taken the decision to stop the deployment of unqualified teachers to
teach in any Nigerian school.

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Independence Blues: two hands raised in darkness

Independence Blues: two hands raised in darkness

To mark Nigeria’s
five decades, we dusted down an iconic photograph. The image above
shows a handover of power – from James Robertson, the last British
Governor-General of Nigeria to Tafawa Balewa, the first Prime Minister
of Nigeria. We asked eight writers to tell us what feelings the
photograph evoked for them.

Below are their thoughts; some optimistic, some weary, and some resigned.

Sarah Ladipo Manyika, author, ‘In Dependence’

Two men are waving,
but to whom exactly? Tafawa Balewa’s hand hails the people, but what of
James Robertson? Is he waving hello, farewell, or not so fast? It’s
hard to tell, and yet the stiffness of those gloves, sash, headgear and
medals suggest a man no longer at ease. And as for those two young men
standing ramrod straight around the flagpole, what expression, I
wonder, rests on their faces? Pride, I imagine, and immense hope on a
day when a brand new flag waves prosperity and peace to all who stand
below. Half a century later, what would each of these men make of
Nigeria today? Disappointment, I would guess, at the very least, and
yet I hear that there is beauty in turning fifty and being able to look
both backward and forward. If this is the case, then I think that
today’s picture must be in colour with much less grey, fewer shadows,
many more women, and just as much hope.

Carlos Moore, author, ‘Fela: This Bitch of a Life’

The image of James
Robertson, the last British Governor-General of Nigeria and Tafawa
Balewa, the first Prime Minister of Nigeria, celebrating the birth of
what is today called NIGERIA is nothing unusual. It is an image that
says that, for all practical purposes, it is all business as usual.
Just a new arrangement of the same colonial, neo-colonial and
neo-imperial package.

Abidemi Sanusi, author, ‘Kemi’s Journal’

I am drawn to the
flag pole in the background. Has the Union Jack been lowered already,
and the flag of the new Nigeria, a phoenix of green and white stripes,
been raised in its place? It is hard to tell. The phantom army of
witnesses are a little harder to spot, their ghoulish presence a
forewarning of what is to come in the ‘new’ country. Finally, I notice
the two men; each, with one arm raised high, the white man, James
Robertson, the last British Governor-General of Nigeria and the
Nigerian, Tafawa Balewa, the first Prime Minister of Nigeria.
Robertson’s arm is raised in a wave, whether in farewell or in good
wishes, again, it is hard to tell. His face is inscrutable, no doubt
relishing the years ahead, when cocooned in his own grave, historians
would pore over every muscle of his face in the photograph for a hint
of the thoughts that lie within. He knows the photograph will reveal
nothing. I’m intrigued by Balewa’s arm. What is it saying? ‘Farewell‘,
‘Stay awhile’, ‘Now what?’ One thought keeps on reverberating through
my mind: where was the photograph taken and why the night-time?

Toni Kan, author, ‘Nights of the Creaking Bed’

Hello and Goodbye.
Two knighted fellows waving out an epoch and welcoming a new one;
albeit a benighted one. 50 years later we look at this picture and
wonder, was it too soon, were mistakes made and who made those
mistakes? 50 years of independence and yet we remain a country fraught
with ills that defy logic, balms and unguents. Who knows, maybe Sir
James Robertson was actually saying: good riddance!

Teju Cole, author, ‘Everyday is for the Thief’

“A painful
disappointment, though one must admit it was not a total failure” –
these were the words Nnamdi Azikiwe used to describe the Constitutional
Conference of 1957. The British stymied Nigerian demands for
independence by 1959. But independence did eventually come, in 1960.
Two hands raised in the darkness, a flicker of hope. The British packed
their bags and left, after poisoning the well, and Zik’s words might as
well serve for the fifty-year journey Nigeria has undertaken since
then. Things went wrong very quickly for the country once the
Okotie-Eboh model of kleptocracy supplanted the humble civil service of
Tafawa Balewa. There were utter disasters along the way, the three most
notable, in my view, being the Civil War, the Babangida dictatorship,
and the Abacha dictatorship that succeeded it. The years rolled on, and
we swallowed one missed opportunity after another. Still, there was
FESTAC. There are our great artists, particularly in literature and
music. And there is the incomparable intensity, creativity, and
resurgence of the city of Lagos. A painful disappointment, then, this
maddening Nigerian journey, but not a total failure. Not yet.

Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani, author, ‘I Do Not Come To You By Chance’

Five decades ago,
the white man waved goodbye to Nigeria. But today, Nigerians remain in
captivity. The colonialists rule our minds. We obsess over what they
think about us, we struggle to imitate their ways, we are in awe of
their abilities. As Nigeria celebrates 50 years of independence, I have
a dream that my people shall be free at last. With the white man and
his West safely out of our heads and our minds obsessing over more
progressive purposes.

Chika Unigwe, author, ‘On Black Sisters’ Street’

Whenever my father
talks of the 1st of October, 1960 his voice carries a certain sense of
awe, as if he were talking of something sacred. Looking at this
photograph, I am reminded of my father’s voice. There is a sense of the
sacred in the way both men are standing still, unsmiling, hands raised
as the clock strikes midnight to usher in the birth of a new country
and announce the irreversible death of colonisation. But there is also
a sense of excitement, of optimism. It is easy to read on Balewa’s
face, the eagerness to get on with the job of leading Nigeria to its
destined greatness as an independent nation. 50 years later, Nigerians
of my father’s generation have seen their hopes for Nigeria betrayed by
kleptomaniac regimes. And we, their children are finding it more and
more difficult to remain optimistic that things will change enough to
bring Nigeria back to its days of glory.

Amatoritsero Ede, author, ‘Globetrotter & Hitler’s Children’

The promise and
dream of that celebratory image of – I presume Tafawa Balewa, first
‘Head-of-State’ of an independent Nigeria beside the representative of
the colonial British Crown – has become a nightmare and an illusion.
The ex-colonial state (I refuse to call it post-colonial to emphasise
the continuing colonial dependence) has continued the plunders of
imperialism. As Wole Soyinka put it in a public statement recently, we
celebrate shame. It is like celebrating the death of an infant
first-born child. It is very un-African. This should be a time for
inward looking, not for pomp and pageantry. The leadership has failed
woefully. A country blessed with all the human and mineral resources
which Nigeria has should not be the failed state that it is today,
where a lack of maintenance culture, entrenched corruption in
government, criminal politicians or ex-military men vying for office is
normalised. Nigeria has taken itself out of any kind of global
competition – even on a continental level. This house has fallen! It
can only be rebuilt by a complete shift in its leadership and civic
mental orientation.

A version of this article was first published on the Cassava Republic blog.

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DRUM and the spirit of independence

DRUM and the spirit of independence

The cover girl for
the September 1960 Nigerian Independence special edition of the
historic DRUM magazine was in fact a South African, Patience Gcwabe,
described as a “stage entertainer” from Johannesburg. Inevitable
perhaps, for a South African publication that started life in 1951 as
“the first black lifestyle magazine in Africa.”

Also the first
Pan-African magazine, 240,000 copies of DRUM were being distributed in
eight countries within a few short years. Among these countries were
Kenya, Tanganyika (now Tanzania), Uganda, Ghana and Sierra-Leone.

The Nigerian
edition, introduced in 1953, was edited by Nelson Ottah, with
contributions from the likes of Cyprian Ekwensi, Sam Amuka and the
photographer, Matthew Faji. In ‘Drum Beat in Africa’, published in
September 1959, TIME Magazine wrote of DRUM: “In the Nigerian capital
of Lagos, 19,000 copies go on sale at 4am; by sundown of the same day,
all have been sold.” The Nigerian DRUM was a bestseller, therefore, and
it is the special edition published on the eve of Independence that now
comes up for consideration. Fragile with age, the copy has survived
half a century of tumultuous history, thanks to the uncommon foresight
of an owner that lovingly preserved it, as a memento to momentous times.

Though concerned
mostly with Nigeria, it is really a West African edition; advertisers
list outlets in Lagos, Aba, Kano, Accra and Freetown as standard. A
child ill with malaria in a Nivaquine advert has the Guinean name,
Sekou; and some features insist on banal regional commonalities, as in
the case of an article on beauty tips that asserts that “West African
girls have always had good complexions” – who knew?

Pan-African

The South African
interest never completely goes away, reinforcing the continental reach.
There’s the cover girl, for a start. Two pages of words and images are
lavished on the “torrid” Phatha Phatha dance sweeping through South
Africa at the time. DRUM was said to be so successful in its
originating country that even illiterates ‘read’ the images, and so the
magazine had to communicate in images as well as in words. The
‘Africa’s Great Leaders’ feature on the inside back cover eulogises
Mangaliso Sobukwe, founding president of the Pan-Africanist Congress
who led protests against the Apartheid regime’s notorious pass laws on
March 21, 1960 – the day of the Sharpville Massacre. Sobukwe was
already a ‘prisoner of conscience’ by the time of the September 1960
edition, serving a three-year sentence for “incitement”. And so began a
spiral that led to solitary confinement on Robben Island before release
in 1969, followed by house arrest.

Sobukwe’s ordeal
was an ominous sign of what was to come for other visionary African
leaders. But it was a sign only; the reality was still very rosy.
Patrice Lumumba of The Congo (which also gained independence in 1960)
had still not met his brutal death. Nigeria was gaining her freedom;
there was hope. 50 years on, the reader views the DRUM page on Sobukwe
with sadness, for him and for Africa as a whole.

Today and Tomorrow, Yesterday and Today

DRUM documents the
infrastructural rush in Lagos to ensure a “chromium-plated atmosphere”
for the independence celebrations, for which 250,000 visitors were
expected from 90 countries. Extra grandstands are erected at Racecourse
(Tafawa Balewa Square); and Tinubu Square gets dug up for a fountained
roundabout. Federal Palace Hotel, then known as the £1m ‘Palace Hotel’,
then the best in Africa, is taking shape under scaffolding. In charge
of all this was the head of Planning in the colonial administration,
Colonel A.E Hefford, who is shown behind his desk. But as Matthew
Faji’s images show, Nigerian workmen were the ones that sweated and
toiled to get the gleaming new architectural pieces ready for October
1.

“On Victoria
Island, there will be the gigantic Nigerian Exhibition… it’s theme will
be ‘Nigeria – Today and Tomorrow – was how DRUM announced the
Independence Trade Fair held in what became Bonny Camp. The art
component of the exhibition brought to prominence the likes of Bruce
Onobrakpeya, now a venerable old man of Nigerian art. By its title, the
‘Nigeria Yesterday and Today’ exhibition, which opened at the National
Museum in Lagos on September 1, 2010 – seems to be a conversation with
that more illustrious, 1960 exhibition. The similarity in titles either
betrays a lack of new thinking, or how little things have changed or
evolved in 50 years.

The new socials

More about how
little issues of the Nigerian public space have changed, later. But to
return to the adverts in DRUM in 1960, a cursory glance shows how they
expressed the aspirations of the new Nigerian middle class in the era
immediately before, and after, independence. The need to better oneself
through a British education, is filled: “Let me help you through your
G.C.E,” offered the bespectacled Mr. F Bradshaw, all the way from
Bennett College, England. There’s another advert from Mayflower College
in Croydon. On the facing page to Mr Bradshaw, another bespectacled
white man, an illustrated physician, recommends Phensic.

Then there was the
lure of travel overseas. The advert for Lux has the “Lux-lovely Shade
Thomas of Lagos”, the precursor to Suzy Martins who starred in
television and billboard commercials in a later era. The advert boasts
that Shade Thomas “has been in England for over four years.” Quite what
this fact has to do with her choice of toilet soap, is never explained,
but it sends the message that glamorous young Nigerian women of class
ought to travel. Next to the Lux advert is another one for Vogeler’s
Curative Compound. An illustration shows a young, jet-setting Nigerian
couple with a ship in the background under the headline, ‘Off to
England’.

Lots of product ads
are targeted at the new socials: Snowfire Face Powder, Max Faxtor Pan
Cake makeup, Star Lager, Dubonnet and Kingsway Supermarket (the
Shoprite of its day). Lots of adverts for the pools too (Cyprian
Ekwensi contributes a piece about the new gambling phenomenon). But the
working classes aren’t entirely forgotten: Barclays Bank D.C.O invites
“the thriving textiles trader” to open a savings account. As for DRUM’s
cartoon strips, for some reason, the characters are all Europeans with
European concerns. A page about the Nigerian love of gold, however, is
spot on.

Before Nollywood

A column by Coz
Idapo, ‘West African Whispers’, talks about the Nigerian public’s love
for Indian movies. He marvels that though he knew no Nigerian who could
speak a word of Hindi, “yet millions of Nigerians like Indian songs”
which are “languorous, sugar-sweet and painfully nostalgic.” The column
goes on to identify a deeper reason for the love of Indian films in the
50s and 60s (and well into the 80s), and by so doing, ‘West African
Whispers’ hit a nail on the head.

Decades before the
advent of Nollywood, “an articulate Nigerian” told Idapo: “Until the
Indian movie-makers invaded the Nigerian market, I was in the habit of
thinking that only Europeans and Americans have culture and history,
and tradition and supermen, and fencers, and all that. Well, I go to
Indian films because they help to convince me that Nigeria can even
start to produce her own films.”

On tribal affiliations

‘West African
Whispers’ also touches on a chiefly cousin who tended to bemoan his
declining stock in a democratic Nigeria. The cousin pepped up on
hearing of “the recent appointment of the Ooni of Ife as Governor of
Western Nigeria.” The Ooni, Oba Adesoji Aderemi – also head of the
socio-cultural group, Egbe Omo Oduduwa – makes an appearance in another
piece that asks, ‘Do we want tribal unions after independence?’ 50
years on, we are still asking the same question.

DRUM also mentions
the Ibo State Union (headed by Z.C Obi) and the Ibibio State Union –
Arewa did not figure in 1960, for some reason! – and calls for them to
be disbanded. Stating that “everything outworn or out-moded should be
left entirely behind” after independence, the magazine declares, “In
the great task ahead, there will be little or no place for interplay of
tribal loyalties.”

Kidnapped

Also eerily
prescient still, is a piece about kidnappings in Nigeria at
independence. Trafficking for some sort of modern slavery and more
macabre reasons, is suggested. And who should turn up in the piece?
Ayinde Bakare, “a well known Lagos musician” (and father of present day
highlife singer, Shina Ayinde Bakare) is photographed and quoted,
citing “juju” as one of the kidnapping methods. In 2010, kidnappings
are regular on the news; 15 kidnapped schoolchildren have only just
been released in Abia State. Here’s what DRUM said: “KIDNAPPED. An
offensive word. A spine-chilling word that means great sorrow for many
families in Nigeria today.” DRUM could have been commenting about these
times.

The Sage

The lead story in
the Independence edition is a special on the late Obafemi Awolowo,
leader of the Action Group, the Opposition party. In stark contrast to
today’s manifesto-less politicians, Awo installed a full Shadow Cabinet
of Opposition ministers including Solomon Danship Lar (Minister of
Works), A Rosiji (Finance Minister), J. S Tarka (Commerce) and Anthony
Enahoro (External Affairs). The 1963 treason trial had not even
suggested itself to the imagination.

Sumptuous black and
white images hint at the lost grandeur of Awo’s political vision. He is
photographed in his book-lined study in Oke Ado, Ibadan; amid the
endless volumes, he looks like a man in his natural environment, a well
read man. How many of our politicians can boast of such a ‘real’ study
of books today – the current Ibadan strongman, Akala? With the 2011
elections looming, Awolowo could have been addressing the country of
today when he tells DRUM: “You can classify the electorate into two
classes… those who follow a party whether it is doing the right thing
or not, and… those who examine the policy and programmes of a party
before voting for it.”

Minister Johnson

A counterpoint to
the Awolowo special, is a two-page spread on ‘Our Political Glamour
Boy’, the then Minister of Labour, Joseph Modupe Johnson. If the five
images of him in the magazine are any indication – Johnson took his
leisure time and dressing very seriously indeed. A happy-go-lucky
boating fan, he tells DRUM “I love to go round unbeaten water tracks…
Boating is a pastime people should think about”. The magazine pips in:
“If we had boats like him, we would.” The minister goes into fine
detail about his bargaining strategy when shopping for fabrics in Ereko
and Balogun markets, saying, “To be well groomed is the A.B.C of social
success.” True, but I’m not sure this should be a Labour Minister’s top
discussion topic.

And back when ‘Gay’
still only meant ‘Happy’, Minister Johnson is described as “a gay beau”
who would be remembered in future as a “gay firework of new Africa.”

The reporter
assures that Johnson also gets busy reading files on trade disputes and
strikes and gives to the poor, but the image of the “high society”
figure who attends “rounds of parties” has stuck, for this reader at
least. The colourful character says his flamboyance is just an
expression of his “African personality”.

I’d never before heard or read about the Minister of Labour at
Nigeria’s independence, until I read the DRUM edition of September
1960. And there I was thinking Modupe Johnson was just a primary school
I attended briefly in Surulere, Lagos, in my youth.

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EMAIL FROM AMERICA: A tale of two tales

EMAIL FROM AMERICA: A tale of two tales

I have to say that
there are times when I am happy that I will be long dead by the time
the book as a medium of communication, dies. Otherwise, I would miss
the delicious messiness of my weekend mornings, surrounded by
newspapers and magazines. Every now and then I would also actually
download a story, and proceed to enjoy it at my leisure when I have the
time. And so I recently had a great weekend reading from two of
Nigeria’s powerful and lovely owners of words – Chimamanda Ngozi
Adichie and Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani. The New Yorker has a lovely little
tale by Adichie called, intriguingly, ‘Birdsong.’ The UK Guardian has
Nwaubani’s essay, ‘Nigeria tribalism: a personal love story’ in the
Comment is Free section.

Adichie’s story
showcases her intimate knowledge of Nigeria, in many instances it is
quite moving. You almost wish you were in a room alone with Adichie and
her story listening to it unpolished, without the ruthless discipline
of the editors of the New Yorker. Stripped clean of the edge that is
mostly Nigeria’s drama, it comes across as sanitised for a Western
audience. In some places, the story has the hallmarks of an Uwem Akpan
classic – edited relentlessly until it becomes cold wooden prose. It is
not all Adichie’s fault; there are Western audiences to satisfy and the
publishers make sure that words like “panel beater” never make it to
the West. Who needs the drama of explaining the delicious difference
between “mechanic” and “panel beater”? But the heart craves ogbono soup
that is not garnished with the pretence of cucumber rings. You know,
sloppy, draw-soup, primeval, dripping all over you, that sweet savage
nectar of the gods.

Adichie’s story
goes nowhere because, there is nowhere to go to. Reading ‘Birdsong’,
one wonders, what is the purpose of these lives, lived in the
conspicuous consumption of mediocrity? The main characters eat, make
love, and shit over and over again. In Nigeria, life is good and
aimless. If you are rich. Life is hell and aimless. If you are poor.
This is Adichie’s genius; she effortlessly narrates the aimlessness of
a people. Sometimes I almost understand why some of our writers write
only about the past. Stories like ‘Birdsong’ remind us of what is
missing in today’s Nigeria, what some would describe as the “moral
clarity” of our people’s past.

I thoroughly
enjoyed Nwaubani’s piece; she describes the tension in relationships
among the major “tribes” of Nigeria. I cringed at the word “tribe” just
as I did after recently re-reading several invocations of it in Peter
Pan Enahoro’s ‘How to be a Nigerian’. But then don’t our people use
“tribe” in discussions? Who says, “na my ethnic group?” The unintended
consequence of political correctness is to distort history. I could
make a compelling argument that “tribe” as Nwaubani meant it is a
distinctly Nigerian term. Transferred on to a white paper read mostly
by condescending patronising know-it-all white liberals, the meaning
could get lost in its translation. I am glad that Nwaubani’s editor did
not do to the piece what Adichie’s editor did to Birdsong. In the hands
of a Western editor the New Yorker almost rendered Adichie’s
potentially beautiful piece into the kind of clinical stuff that Uwem
Akpan is famous for. This is all the more reason why we need to support
our own home-grown newspapers and publishers and editors who know a
panel beater from a mechanic, our tribe from their tribe etc.

The two stories offer a great commentary on how we should record
our history. What is the role of the writer in faithfully documenting
the lived life? I believe that a writer should be faithful to the exact
words used in dialogue. If someone calls someone a nigger, I would say
so, not say, someone called her the N word. This is not the same as
legitimising its use. I have complained about the gods of political
correctness ruining the history of our discourse and their delicious
rhyme, flow and poetry… Try saying “abeg go jo, were! mad man!” And
then try saying “Please go away, you emotionally challenged person.”
And of course this is all a roundabout way of saying I miss the raw,
brilliant unfettered poetry of Fela Anikulapo Kuti. For that reason
alone, I am afraid to go up to New York to go watch Fela on Broadway. I
might not like what I see. And I might be alone in that assessment. Who
needs the stress of being alone? Nwaubani’s authenticity is refreshing.
We are going to lose her though. Soon she will be writing clinically
sanitised pieces for the New Yorker and the Guardian, she will be a
superstar whose secretary will not take my calls. And I will remember
that magical afternoon in Lagos as she sat with me in a buka sharing
amala without meat. I regret now that I did not have someone snap us a
picture for when she was… one of us. It is all good; everything is as
it should be.

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FIRST CHAPTER: In Dependence

FIRST CHAPTER: In Dependence

One could begin
with the dust, the heat, and the purple bougainvillea. One might even
begin with the smell of rotting mangos, tossed by the side of the road
where flies hummed and green-bellied lizards bobbed their orange heads
while loitering in the sun. But Tayo did not notice these – instead he
walked in silence, oblivious to his surroundings. With a smile on his
face, he thought of the night before, when he had dared to run a hand
beneath the folds of Modupe’s wrapper. Miraculously, without him even
asking, Modupe had loosened the cloth around her waist. Of course they
had kissed many times before, usually in the Lebanese cinema when all
was dark, but that was nothing compared to last night. And while Tayo
was lost in his thoughts, his father, who walked alongside, noticed the
smile and read it as excitement for the forthcoming trip. They had set
off early that morning to visit relatives, as was the tradition when
someone was about to embark on a long journey. They would begin with
Uncle Bola in the hope of finding him sober. By midday, he would almost
certainly be drinking ogogoro and this was not a day to meet Uncle Bola
under the influence.

“An old man should
be contemplating his mortality, rather than dreaming of women,” Tayo’s
father said, alluding to his brother’s raunchy tales, which Tayo knew
his father secretly enjoyed.

Uncle B liked to
joke that he was still young enough to make babies and thank the Lord
God Almighty. And he did make babies – dozens of them. As for thanking
God – well, that was simply a manner of speaking. Uncle Bola believed
only in beautiful women – not Allah, Christ nor Ogun. In turn, women
loved him, in spite of what he lacked by way of height, teeth and
schooling. Tayo had long since concluded that Uncle Bola held the
secret to a woman’s heart, which was why he looked forward to this
visit. But on this particular morning, Uncle Bola did not seem himself.
Upon seeing them, he became quite weepy, so weepy in fact that he
forgot about his atheism and offered prayers to Allah, Ogun and Jesus
on behalf of his favourite nephew. With tears still in his eyes, Uncle
Bola gave Tayo his best aso ebi as a going-away present, and then
insisted that they stay longer to take amala and stew with him.

“Here is some money
for the ladies when you arrive,” Uncle Bola whispered, stuffing the
newly-minted pound notes into Tayo’s shirt pocket before waving a final
goodbye. Tayo had hoped to stay even longer, enjoying the company of
his sentimental uncle, but there were many more relatives to be visited
and several more lunches to eat. Everyone insisted on feeding them and
then, just when Tayo thought it was all over, they returned home to
find more relatives gathered to wish him well. Several of Father’s
friends were sprawled across the courtyard drinking beer and palm wine
while the children chased each other in the dirt path by the side of
the house. The women sat in one corner, roasting corn on an open fire,
with sleeping babies on their backs.

“Tayo! Tayo!” the
older children chanted as he made his way through the throng, stopping
to pick up the youngest. Tayo expected his father to usher people away,
but after the day’s copious consumption of palm wine, he had apparently
forgotten time, preferring instead to continue boasting about his
eldest son.

“Na special scholarship dey don make for de boy?” somebody asked.

“Oh yes.” Tayo’s father beamed.

In fact, the
scholarship was not created just for Tayo, but because he was the first
Nigerian to win it (such things having been reserved, in the past, for
whites), Tayo’s father decided that he might as well claim it solely
for his son. Tayo closed his eyes while his father boasted, and thought
ahead to the day after next, imagining how he would move swiftly
through the crowds at Lagos Port to the ship and sail over the seas to
England.

“And then to Balliol College, Oxford,” Tayo whispered, thinking how grand it sounded.

At dawn the
following day, the entire Ajayi family said prayers before gathering
around Father’s silver Morris Minor, washed and polished by brothers
Remi and Tunde so that it glistened like a fresh river fish. Everybody
was dressed in his or her Sunday best, ready for the photographs, and
only when the photographer ran out of film did five of them clamber
into the car. Father sounded the horn and all the doors slammed shut.
The key turned and turned again, but the motor wouldn’t start, so
everyone stumbled out again to push. Even Father helped, with one foot
pumping the pedals and the other pushing back against the ground. They
rolled it down the path, out of the compound and onto the road, until
the engine jerked into action. Then, hurriedly, they all piled back in.
The children followed the car down the dirt road, running and waving,
not caring about the dust being blown into their faces, but jogging
along until they could no longer keep up. Sister Bisi ran the fastest,
thumping decisively on the car boot before they sped away, out of
Ibadan and onto the main road that would take them to Uncle Kayode’s
place in Lagos. In the car, Mama and Baba sat in the front, and Tayo
and his two aunts in the back. Father forbade talking in the car,
claiming that it distracted him, and for once Tayo was happy with this
edict, knowing that otherwise his aunts would lecture him on how to
behave in England. It didn’t matter that his aunts had never travelled
outside Nigeria: it was their right and duty to instruct. Tayo closed
his eyes and thought again about his sweetheart and their final
goodbye. He remembered the poem he had composed for the occasion and
the lines that did not quite rhyme. Thankfully, in the end, there had
been no need for sonnets.

By the time they
arrived at Uncle Kayode’s house, the car was caked in dust and its
weary passengers covered in sweat and grime, but all would soon be
forgotten. Uncle Kayode had a luxurious home. He was a big man in
Lagos, recently returned from abroad as a senior army officer. Maids
cooked for him, and large fans hung from the ceilings, whirling at high
speed to keep the house cool. Tayo had never seen anything like it
before.

“When you arrive in
England, my son,” Uncle Kayode was saying, “you must make sure to
contact the British Council and don’t forget to write to cousin Tunde
and cousin Jumoke.”

Tayo listened
carefully, hoping not to forget any valuable advice, but by the time he
went to bed he couldn’t remember half of what he had been told. Annoyed
with himself, he tossed restlessly on his mattress. For weeks he had
been looking forward to travelling away from home – to having his
freedom – but now he thought only of what he would miss and how
frightening it would be to travel alone. He took Modupe’s photograph
from his bag, quietly, so as not to wake his uncle, and kissed it.
Reassured by her smile and remembering the events of Friday night, he
rolled over and eventually fell asleep.

The next day, Tayo
stood at the port, holding his bag tightly. He dared not ask his uncle
another question (he had asked so many already), but he still wasn’t
clear about what to do when he disembarked. What if the arrival halls
in England were just as chaotic as the confusion he was seeing now,
with everyone shouting and gesticulating and no-one bothering to queue?
Exasperated by the late-afternoon heat, men took off their cloth caps
and flicked away beads of perspiration. Then, as the folds of their
agbadas kept slipping off their shoulders, they hitched them back,
raising their arms like swimmers. Meanwhile, women herded children and
straightened little dresses, trousers, and shirts, while hastily
tightening their own wrappers and head ties, continually unravelled by
heat and bustle. Tayo, like everyone else, had been standing in this
crowd for hours. He smiled, but not as broadly as the day before. His
parents, uncle, aunties, and several Lagos-based relatives were with
him, as well as Headmaster Faircliff and some teachers from school:
Mrs. Burton (Latin), Mr. Clark (Maths), and Mr. Blackburn (British
Empire History), but none of his brothers or sisters had come and he
missed them, especially Bisi.

Tayo shook his head
wistfully, staring at the Aureol, which towered high above them like a
vast white giant with hundreds of porthole eyes. You will be missed, he
told himself, recalling the rumour started by friends that a particular
Lagos girls’ school – the one whose pupils occasionally visited his old
school – was in mourning over his departure. He glanced around for
these girls, but all he saw were family, easy to recognise in the
matching clothes worn specially for his send-off. The men’s agbadas
were the same aubergine purple as the women’s short sleeve bubas and
ankle-length wrappers. Tayo’s mother had chosen the material, fine
Dutch waxed cotton, embroidered in gold thread at the neck and sleeves.
Tayo had wanted to wear his agbada like the rest of the family, but
Father insisted on western attire, claiming it more appropriate for an
Oxford-bound man. So instead of loose, flowing robes, Tayo wore grey
flannel trousers, white shirt, school tie, and a bottle green blazer
that stuck to his skin like boiled okra. His agbada was neatly packed
away in the trunk with extra clothes, the Koran, the Bible,
half-a-dozen records, and several large tins of cooked meat with dried
okra, egusi seed and elubo.

“Jeun daada o, omo
mi. F’oju si iwe re o, de ma jeki awon obinrin ko si e lori. (Eat well,
my son. Pay attention to your studies, and don’t be distracted by
women),” Mama whispered, tugging at his shirt sleeve.

“Yes, Ma,” he
nodded, turning to face her as she adjusted his collar – it needed no
tweaking but that was her way. He hugged her tightly so that her head
tie brushed against his chin, and the weight of stone and coral
necklaces clinked against his blazer buttons. It took him back to his
childhood days, when he was afraid of thunder and lightning and would
rush to his mother’s arms to bury himself in the reassuring scent of
her rose perfume, tinged with the smell of firewood and starched
cotton. He squeezed her again before his father called him away.

“So long, my son,” Baba spoke in English, which was his custom when in the presence of expatriates.

Tayo held out his
hand and was surprised when his father pulled him into the voluminous
folds of his agbada and held him there for some time. Baba then started
sniffling and fiddling with his handkerchief behind Tayo’s neck, which
compelled Tayo to cough and break Father’s hold so that they stood for
some moments, disentangled but silent, each searching for something to
say.

“Now, Tayo,” Headmaster Faircliff interrupted. “You’re off to be a Balliol man.”

“Yes sir.” Tayo nodded.

“You ought to be jolly proud of yourself, Tayo, and soon you’ll return to lead your country and make our school proud.”

He grasped Tayo’s
hand and threw a friendly slap across his shoulder. Tayo nodded again,
feeling strangely irritated by the man whom he normally admired and
felt indebted to for the scholarship.

“Right then, off you go,” Mr. Faircliff ordered, releasing Tayo, and pointing to the gangway.

Tayo turned to
leave, holding tightly to the large canvas bag that hung from his
shoulder. Mama had assured him that in it was all that he needed for
the voyage – a few changes of clothes, a bar of Palmolive soap, a tin
of kola nuts, some dried meats, a map of England, chewing sticks, and
Uncle Kayode’s old winter coat.

“Write to me as soon as you arrive,” Father called.

“Yes sir.” Tayo
glanced back at his father before making his way slowly up the steps.
He waited for his father to shout one last instruction, but it never
came.

Excerpt taken from ‘In Dependence’ by Sarah Ladipo Manyika, published by Cassava Republic Press.

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Salif Keita appears at Macufe in South Africa

Salif Keita appears at Macufe in South Africa

South Africa is
gearing up for one of its biggest art events, the Mangaung African
Cultural Festival, popularly known as Macufe. It is a colourful event
that attracts, yearly, tourists from all over the world. In its
thirteenth year, the festival, which opened on October 1, will hold
until October 10. This year’s theme is, ‘Monateng Kaofela (Together in
Fun).

Billed to hold in
Bloemfontein, a town steeped in natural beauty and history, there will
be live performances from popular South African artists based at home
and abroad, including the US-based Jonathan Butler. International
artists expected to grace the show are the American Jazz and R‘n’B
singer, Gerald Albright, and Malian-born World Music star, Salif Keita,
during the 10 days of the event.

There will be
tours to the Excelsior Lion Park, traditional dance, music, food, an
exhibition of traditional African fashion, beads, wood work, comedy
shows, among other highlights. There will also be a special memorial
programme in honour of the late Brenda Fassie, the energetic and
soulful artist whose music stirred many hearts.

Still basking in
the success of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the organisers of the event,
The Free State Tourism Authority (FSTA), in partnership with South
African Tourism, are introducing unique elements into the festival that
visitors from other parts of Africa can relate with. The Macufe
Festival will play host to tourists from Lesotho, Botswana, Namibia,
Kenya, Nigeria, Mozambique, DRC, Angola, Swaziland, and other parts of
the world.

Phumi Dhlomo,
Regional Director of Africa and Domestic at South African Tourism,
says: “We give a warm welcome to all those who will be visiting Bloem
and attending Macufe. South Africa is a welcoming nation with that
special brand of African hospitality so we truly hope you have a lovely
time.”

For interested visitors, the office hours will attend to enquiries
about accommodation, transportation, and other information from 11h00
to midnight. The contact number is 051 412 7940.

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