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Since 1987, the WHO has recognized 31 May of every year as the
World No Tobacco Day (WNTD). This is intended to encourage a 24-hour period of
abstinence from all forms of tobacco consumption and is primarily designed to
draw global attention to the widespread prevalence of tobacco use and its
negative health effects.

The theme for this year’s WNTD is “Gender and Tobacco, with an
emphasis on marketing to women”. The WHO, as well as governmental and
non-governmental organizations, are bothered by the rising prevalence of
smoking among women and the underlying factors responsible for this occurrence;
hence, the choice of this year’s theme. The theme is not only to create
awareness about the luring tobacco epidemic among women, but also to expose the
activities of the tobacco industry aimed at sensitizing women to take up the
habit of smoking.

Some decades back, seeing a woman smoke, particularly in
developing countries such as Nigeria was more or less unacceptable, but
presently, smoking among women is gradually becoming a norm.

In 1995, 47% of men and 12% of women smoke cigarettes globally,
representing an overall global smoking population of 29%. Evidence-based
research shows that currently about 1.3 billion people smoke globally of which
over 250 million (20%) are women.

A survey carried out in North-East Nigeria, in 2002, showed that
the prevalence of smoking amongst males was 45.3% while that of the females was
18.4% (this is close to 19% in the USA). Generally, smoking is 5 times higher
among men than women; however, the gender gap declines with younger age.

In developed countries, smoking rates for men have begun to
decline while for women they continue to grow. The case is different in
developing countries where the prevalence of smoking is on the increase for
both men and women.

It is an established fact that every year tobacco smoking
accounts for about 5.4 million deaths globally. Top on the list of
tobacco-related diseases are lung cancer, chronic obstructed pulmonary disease
(Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis), ischaemic Heart Disease, stroke, oral
cancer, impotence and the rest. Smoking just a few cigarettes a day can double
the risk of a woman having a heart attack. Women who smoke usually take a
longer time to conceive than non-smokers. Similarly, quitting/ giving up smoking
before pregnancy is important to decrease the risk of miscarriages and preterm
births.

Women are also at risk of passive smoking when exposed to smoke
from the burning end of a cigarette or exhaled smoke from a smoker, which is
injurious to one’s health. Worthy of note is the effect of passive smoking on
children, particularly newborns, causing sudden infant death syndrome. Other
tobacco-related diseases specific to women include cancer of the cervix,
premenopausal breast cancer, early menopause, dysmenorrhea (painful periods),
osteoporosis (weak bones), premature wrinkling, hearing loss to mention a few.

One could pause for a moment and wonder what could be
responsible for the increasing smoking rates among women. Well the reason is
not implausible – the tobacco industry! A former Director-General of WHO Dr.
Harlem Brundtland once said that “Tobacco is a communicated disease. It is
communicated through advertising and sponsorships”. We can say that the tobacco
industry has really been successful in spreading the tobacco epidemic from men
to youths, and now, to women and young girls.

Targeted at women and girls The tobacco industry engages in
activities that directly lure women into smoking. Sometimes, their
advertisements/brands are specifically targeted to the women and young girls;
for example, Virginia Slims Cigarettes advertisements in Hong Kong and Japan
were specifically designed for the women population. The marketing of tobacco
products to women by the industry is an attempt geared towards the replacement
of nearly half of current smokers who will die prematurely from tobacco related
diseases. In simple terms, if the tobacco industry can get more women to smoke,
in just a matter of time, smoking will be “normalised” and more youths would
accept smoking as the norm and easily cultivate the of habit .

Certain measures have been taken by the WHO to reduce the demand
for tobacco products through some of the articles of the FCTC (Framework
Convention on Tobacco Control) which include high taxation on tobacco products,

ban on advertisements, promotions and sponsorships by the
tobacco industry,

smoke-free public places, prevention of tobacco sales to minors
e.t.c. Of course, the WNTD 2010 with the aforementioned theme is yet another
step taken to curb this epidemic.

Women are indeed nation builders. Any activity that serves as a
threat to the health and social well-being of women should be resisted by all
stakeholders. Tobacco consumption is deadly in any form (smoking, chewing,
snuffing ) and it causes more harm than good. Women should remain healthy and
help put an end to this social and public health hazard that is eating up the
fabric of our society.

So in closing, ladies stand up for your right, stay healthy, secure
your future and say ‘No’ to tobacco.

Owotomo is an independent
Tobacco Control Activist based in Lagos